Amazon AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional DOP-C02 Exam Practice Test

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Question 1

A company has an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that is configured with an Amazon S3 bucket in the eu-west-1 Region. The pipeline deploys an AWS Lambda application to the same Region. The pipeline consists of an AWS CodeBuild project build action and an AWS CloudFormation deploy action.

The CodeBuild project uses the aws cloudformation package AWS CLI command to build an artifact that contains the Lambda function code's .zip file and the CloudFormation template. The CloudFormation deploy action references the CloudFormation template from the output artifact of the CodeBuild project's build action.

The company wants to also deploy the Lambda application to the us-east-1 Region by using the pipeline in eu-west-1. A DevOps engineer has already updated the CodeBuild project to use the aws cloudformation package command to produce an additional output artifact for us-east-1.

Which combination of additional steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

AModify the CloudFormation template to include a parameter for the Lambda function code's zip file location. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to pass in the us-east-1 artifact location as a parameter override.

BCreate a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

CCreate an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure the S3 bucket policy to allow CodePipeline to have read and write access.

DCreate an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the S3 bucket in eu-west-1 to the S3 bucket in us-east-1.

EModify the pipeline to include the S3 bucket for us-east-1 as an artifact store. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

Answer : A, B

A) The CloudFormation template should be modified to include a parameter that indicates the location of the .zip file containing the Lambda function's code. This allows the CloudFormation deploy action to use the correct artifact depending on the region. This is critical because Lambda functions need to reference their code artifacts from the same region they are being deployed in. B. You would also need to create a new CloudFormation deploy action for the us-east-1 Region within the pipeline. This action should be configured to use the CloudFormation template from the artifact that was specifically created for us-east-1.

Question 2

A company that runs many workloads on AWS has an Amazon EBS spend that has increased over time. The DevOps team notices there are many unattached

EBS volumes. Although there are workloads where volumes are detached, volumes over 14 days old are stale and no longer needed. A DevOps engineer has been tasked with creating automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days.

Which solution will accomplish this?

AConfigure the AWS Config ec2-volume-inuse-check managed rule with a configuration changes trigger type and an Amazon EC2 volume resource target. Create a new Amazon CloudWatch Events rule scheduled to execute an AWS Lambda function in 14 days to delete the specified EBS volume.

BUse Amazon EC2 and Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager to configure a volume lifecycle policy. Set the interval period for unattached EBS volumes to 14 days and set the retention rule to delete. Set the policy target volumes as *.

CCreate an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to execute an AWS Lambda function daily. The Lambda function should find unattached EBS volumes and tag them with the current date, and delete unattached volumes that have tags with dates that are more than 14 days old.

DUse AWS Trusted Advisor to detect EBS volumes that have been detached for more than 14 days. Execute an AWS Lambda function that creates a snapshot and then deletes the EBS volume.

Answer : C

The requirement is to create automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days. To do this, the DevOps engineer needs to use the following steps:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to execute an AWS Lambda function daily. CloudWatch Events is a service that enables event-driven architectures by delivering events from various sources to targets. Lambda is a service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. By creating a CloudWatch Events rule that executes a Lambda function daily, the DevOps engineer can schedule a recurring task to check and delete unattached EBS volumes.

The Lambda function should find unattached EBS volumes and tag them with the current date, and delete unattached volumes that have tags with dates that are more than 14 days old. The Lambda function can use the EC2 API to list and filter unattached EBS volumes based on their state and tags. The function can then tag each unattached volume with the current date using the create-tags command. The function can also compare the tag value with the current date and delete any unattached volume that has been tagged more than 14 days ago using the delete-volume command.

Question 3

A company has many AWS accounts. During AWS account creation the company uses automation to create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group in every AWS Region that the company operates in. The automaton configures new resources in the accounts to publish logs to the provisioned log groups in their Region.

The company has created a logging account to centralize the logging from all the other accounts. A DevOps engineer needs to aggregate the log groups from all the accounts to an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the logging account.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

AIn the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the. Destination Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

BIn the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from all the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

CIn the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream for each Region to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

DIn the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

Answer : C

This solution will meet the requirements in the most operationally efficient manner because it will use CloudWatch Logs destination to aggregate the log groups from all the accounts to a single S3 bucket in the logging account. However, unlike option A, this solution will create a CloudWatch Logs destination for each region, instead of a single destination for all regions. This will improve the performance and reliability of the log delivery, as it will avoid cross-region data transfer and latency issues. Moreover, this solution will use an Amazon Kinesis data stream and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream for each region, instead of a single stream for all regions. This will also improve the scalability and throughput of the log delivery, as it will avoid bottlenecks and throttling issues that may occur with a single stream.

Question 4

A large enterprise is deploying a web application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application stores data in an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance and Amazon DynamoDB. There are separate environments tor development testing and production.

What is the MOST secure and flexible way to obtain password credentials during deployment?

ARetrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager securestring parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.

BLaunch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1AM role to access AWS services Retrieve the database credentials from AWS Secrets Manager.

CRetrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager plaintext parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.

DLaunch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1AM role to access AWS services Store the database passwords in an encrypted config file with the application artifacts.

Answer : B

AWS Secrets Manager is a secrets management service that helps you protect access to your applications, services, and IT resources. This service enables you to easily rotate, manage, and retrieve database credentials, API keys, and other secrets throughout their lifecycle. Using Secrets Manager, you can secure and manage secrets used to access resources in the AWS Cloud, on third-party services, and on-premises. SSM parameter store and AWS Secret manager are both a secure option. However, Secrets manager is more flexible and has more options like password generation. Reference: https://www.1strategy.com/blog/2019/02/28/aws-parameter-store-vs-aws-secrets-manager/

Question 5

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes workload accounts that contain enterprise applications. The company centrally manages users from an operations account. No users can be created in the workload accounts. The company recently added an operations team and must provide the operations team members with administrator access to each workload account.

Which combination of actions will provide this access? (Choose three.)

ACreate a SysAdmin role in the operations account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the workload accounts.

BCreate a SysAdmin role in each workload account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the operations account.

CCreate an Amazon Cognito identity pool in the operations account. Attach the SysAdmin role as an authenticated role.

DIn the operations account, create an IAM user for each operations team member.

EIn the operations account, create an IAM user group that is named SysAdmins. Add an IAM policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action for the SysAdmin role in each workload account. Add all operations team members to the group.

FCreate an Amazon Cognito user pool in the operations account. Create an Amazon Cognito user for each operations team member.

Answer : B, D, E

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/tutorial_cross-account-with-roles.html

Question 6

A DevOps team is deploying microservices for an application on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The cluster uses managed node groups.

The DevOps team wants to enable auto scaling for the microservice Pods based on a specific CPU utilization percentage. The DevOps team has already installed the Kubernetes Metrics Server on the cluster.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

AEdit the Auto Scaling group that is associated with the worker nodes of the EKS cluster. Configure the Auto Scaling group to use a target tracking scaling policy to scale when the average CPU utilization of the Auto Scaling group reaches a specific percentage.

BDeploy the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and the Kubernetes Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA) in the cluster. Configure the HPA to scale based on the target CPU utilization percentage. Configure the VPA to use the recommender mode setting.

CRun the AWS Systems Manager AWS-UpdateEKSManagedNodeGroup Automation document. Modify the values for NodeGroupDesiredSize, NodeGroupMaxSize, and NodeGroupMinSize to be based on an estimate for the required node size.

DDeploy the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler in the cluster. Configure the HPA to scale based on the target CPU utilization percentage. Configure the Cluster Autoscaler to use the auto-discovery setting.

Answer : D

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To scale microservice Pods based on CPU utilization, the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) uses the Kubernetes Metrics Server to monitor resource usage and automatically adjusts the number of Pods. However, scaling Pods may require additional nodes if the current node capacity is insufficient.

The Cluster Autoscaler works with EKS managed node groups to add or remove worker nodes based on pending Pod requirements and resource usage.

By deploying both HPA and Cluster Autoscaler, the system can automatically scale Pods and add nodes as necessary, ensuring efficient resource utilization and availability.

Configuring the Cluster Autoscaler with auto-discovery allows it to manage node groups without manual intervention, reducing operational effort.

Option A only scales nodes based on node CPU utilization, not Pods.

Option B uses VPA recommender mode, which only suggests resource changes and does not scale automatically.

Option C involves manual updates and is not automated scaling.

Therefore, option D provides the most operationally efficient, fully automated scaling solution.

Reference from AWS Official Documentation:

Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler:

'HPA automatically scales the number of Pods based on observed CPU utilization or other metrics.'

(Kubernetes HPA)

Cluster Autoscaler on Amazon EKS: 'The Cluster Autoscaler automatically adjusts the size of the Kubernetes cluster when there are Pods that fail to run due to insufficient resources or when nodes in the cluster are underutilized.' (AWS EKS Cluster Autoscaler)

'The Cluster Autoscaler automatically adjusts the size of the Kubernetes cluster when there are Pods that fail to run due to insufficient resources or when nodes in the cluster are underutilized.'

Question 7

A large company recently acquired a small company. The large company invited the small company to join the large company's existing organization in AWS Organizations as a new OU. A DevOps engineer determines that the small company needs to launch t3.small Amazon EC2 instance types for the company's application workloads. The small company needs to deploy the instances only within US-based AWS Regions. The DevOps engineer needs to use an SCP in the small company's new OU to ensure that the small company can launch only the required instance types. Which solution will meet these requirements?

AConfigure a statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is not equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is not equal to us-.

BConfigure a statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is not equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is not equal to us-.

CConfigure a statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is equal to us-.

DConfigure a statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is equal to us-.

Answer : B