Who has primary responsibility for determining the purpose and scope of an audit?
Answer : A
The client, or the party commissioning the audit, has the primary responsibility for defining the purpose and scope of the audit.
The client sets the objectives, scope, and criteria to ensure the audit meets their specific needs and requirements.
The audit manager and auditor may assist in refining the scope and purpose but the initial determination lies with the client.
Reference: The ASQ 'Auditing Handbook' and ISO 19011:2018 guidelines on auditing management systems outline the client's role in defining audit scope and objectives.
A three-level, two-variable, full factorial experiment is to be run. The minimum number of runs will be
Answer : C
A full factorial experiment involves testing all possible combinations of levels for each factor.
For a three-level (3 levels) and two-variable (2 factors) experiment, the number of runs is calculated as: 32=93^2 = 932=9
Therefore, the minimum number of runs required is 9.
Reference: 'Design and Analysis of Experiments' by Douglas C. Montgomery discusses factorial design and the calculation of runs for different levels and factors.
Which of the following symbols indicates a termination point on a flowchart?
Answer : B
Option B, which is the oval or rounded rectangle shape, indicates a termination point on a flowchart. This symbol is typically used to represent the start or end of a process in flowchart diagrams. Reference:
ASQ Quality Press: The Certified Quality Engineer Handbook.
Flowcharting Techniques: A Guide to Better Communication of Information by Marvin P. Larkin.
The starting point for an organization when conducting a risk-based audit is to
Answer : A
The starting point for conducting a risk-based audit is to identify and quantify risks. This allows the organization to focus on the areas with the highest potential impact and ensure that resources are allocated effectively to manage these risks.
Competition, safety, warranty, service costs, and public liability are all characteristics of
Answer : A
These factors contribute to the perceived risk associated with a product or service. They influence the customer's decision-making process based on potential risks and liabilities.
Perceived risk encompasses the various factors that might affect the customer's perception of the potential issues or costs associated with a product or service. This includes competition, safety concerns, warranty terms, service costs, and public liability issues.
Which of the following criteria must be considered when a classification of defects system is established?
Answer : D
When establishing a system for the classification of defects, it is crucial to consider the relative seriousness of the defects. This involves evaluating the potential impact of each type of defect on the end-user and the product's performance. The classification typically divides defects into categories such as critical, major, and minor, based on their severity and potential consequences.
'Quality Control Handbook' by J.M. Juran.
ISO 2859-1:1999, 'Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes'
Working on ail design phases simultaneously is characteristic of
Answer : D
Concurrent engineering is an approach to product development where multiple phases of the design process are carried out simultaneously to reduce time-to-market and improve product quality.
Concurrent engineering is a systematic approach to integrated product development that emphasizes the parallelization of tasks (i.e., performing tasks concurrently), which contrasts with the traditional sequential engineering design method.