CWNP CWISA-102 Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator Exam CWISA Exam Practice Test
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Question 1
What is the primary difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN
Answer : B
LoRa:This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
LoRaWAN:This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model
LoRa vs. LoRaWAN:Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.
References:
LoRa Modulation:Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
LoRaWAN Specification:Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
OSI Model:Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.
Question 2
You must ensure proper security controls are in place for a wireless solution. The solution allows for the use of groups to grant access to resources and capabilities. What is the term used to describe a situation where an individual is granted more access than required because of inclusion in a group?
Answer : C
Privilege Creep Defined:Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
Other Terms:
Privilege Escalation: A malicious act of obtaining higher-than-authorized access.
Improper Delegation/Grouping: Faulty permission assignment, but not the gradual accretion aspect.
References:
Principle of Least Privilege:Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
Access Control Models:Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.
Question 3
What is the most important consideration when deciding whether to implement a wired or wireless solution?
Answer : D
Requirements Drive Decisions:The decision between wired or wireless must align with the solution's overall purpose, performance targets, and operational constraints.
Key Considerations:
Reliability:Does the application require guaranteed connectivity? (Wired may be favored).
Installation Cost:Can extensive cabling be done, or is it prohibitively expensive? (Wireless may be favored).
Flexibility and Scalability:Is node placement likely to change in the future? (Wireless may be favored).
Other Factors are Important, But Secondary:Distance, PoE availability, specific applications all matter, but they are assessedwithin the contextof the overarching business needs.
References:
Wireless vs. Wired Network Design:Comparisons of pros and cons, highlighting how use cases guide the choice.
IoT Solution Planning:Materials on defining requirementsbeforeselecting technology.
Question 4
You are troubleshooting a problem with a wireless solution that uses MQTT where the IoT end devices are not reporting to the MQTT server/broker. At what Layer of the OSI Model should troubleshooting begin when using a bottom-up method?
Answer : A
Bottom-Up Troubleshooting:The OSI model provides a structured diagnostic approach. Starting at Layer 1 ensures basic physical connectivity issues are ruled out first.
MQTT Relies on IP:MQTT operates at a higher layer of the OSI model, relying on TCP/IP (Layers 4 and 3) for communication. Problems at the physical layer will disrupt everything built upon it.
Checking the Fundamentals:Before investigating complex application issues (MQTT), verify cables, link lights, Wi-Fi signal strength, etc.
References:
OSI Model:Descriptions of the seven layers, emphasizing the foundation provided by Layer 1 (Physical).
Network Troubleshooting Guides:Resources that outline common Layer 1 problems and their symptoms.
Question 5
Which one of the following items has driven large serving 5- to 18-year-old students?
Answer : A
Cloud-based applications drive bandwidth usage:Applications like Google Suite, Microsoft 365, and video conferencing (Zoom, Teams) are commonly used in educational settings. These rely on cloud servers, requiring significant downloads and uploads.
Shift towards online learning:More schools are utilizing online learning platforms and resources, further increasing their dependence on cloud-based solutions.
Streaming, torrents, wearables less impactful:Streaming music and torrent sites can contribute, but their impact is generally less significant. Wearables in education are still niche despite their potential.
References
Trends in education technology:Reports on the rise of cloud-based learning platforms in schools.
What does the number in the various Quadrature Amplitude Modulation levels, such as 16 in QAM-16 and 64 in QAM-64, indicate? (Choose the single best answer.)
Answer : C
QAM Constellations:QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) uses a constellation diagram where points represent unique combinations of amplitude and phase.
Bits per Symbol:The number in QAM-XX indicates the number of points:
QAM-16: 16 points = 2^4 = 4 bits per symbol
QAM-64: 64 points = 2^6 = 6 bits per symbol
Higher Data Rates:More points in the constellation enable transmitting more bits per symbol, leading to higher data rates at the same bandwidth.
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