Eccouncil Certified Cybersecurity Technician (CCT) 212-82 Exam Practice Test

Answer : B

Performing a vulnerability analysis on a web application involves identifying specific security weaknesses. In this case, the WASC ID 9 refers to 'Application Error Disclosure.'

Vulnerability Description:

Application Error Disclosure: This vulnerability occurs when a web application reveals too much information about internal errors, potentially aiding attackers in crafting specific attacks against the system.

Detection and Mitigation:

Error Handling: Ensure that error messages do not expose sensitive information and provide only necessary details to the end-user.

Logging: Detailed error information should be logged securely for internal review without being exposed to users.

OWASP Top Ten Web Application Security Risks: OWASP

WASC Threat Classification: WASC ID 9

Answer : B

Leaving the thermostat connected to the 'Guest' Wi-Fi network, which is open to all guests, is the least effective action in protecting it from unauthorized access. Here is a detailed explanation:

Network Segmentation:

A guest Wi-Fi network is typically designed to provide internet access to visitors without granting access to the main network or its devices. However, if the guest network is open (i.e., no password), it poses significant security risks.

Unauthorized Access:

An open guest network allows anyone within range to connect, increasing the risk of unauthorized access to the thermostat. This can lead to potential misuse, tampering, or even entry points for further attacks on your network.

Best Practices for IoT Devices:

IoT devices, such as smart thermostats, should be connected to a secure and encrypted network to prevent unauthorized access and ensure data privacy.

Firmware Updates:

Keeping the thermostat firmware updated with the latest security patches from the manufacturer (Option A) is crucial for protecting against known vulnerabilities.

Password Management:

Changing the default password for the mobile app and thermostat upon initial setup (Option C) ensures that default credentials, which are often publicly known, are not exploited.

Secure Network Configuration:

Enabling remote access to the thermostat only on your secure home Wi-Fi network (Option D) limits access to authorized users and devices, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Answer : D

The use of authorized RTU and PLC commands is the security control implemented by Hayes in the above scenario. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) are devices that control and monitor industrial processes, such as power generation, water treatment, oil and gas production, etc. RTU and PLC commands are instructions that are sent from a master station to a slave station to perform certain actions or request certain data. The use of authorized RTU and PLC commands is a security control that fortifies the IDMZ (Industrial Demilitarized Zone) against cyber-attacks by ensuring that only valid and authenticated commands are executed by the RTU and PLC devices. Point-to-point communication is a communication method that establishes a direct connection between two endpoints. MAC authentication is an authentication method that verifies the MAC (Media Access Control) address of a device before granting access to a network. Anti-DoS solution is a security solution that protects a network from DoS (Denial-of-Service) attacks by filtering or blocking malicious traffic.

Answer : A

Quantum cryptography is the encryption mechanism demonstrated in the above scenario. Quantum cryptography is a branch of cryptography that uses quantum physics to secure data transmission and communication. Quantum cryptography encrypts data by using a sequence of photons that have a spinning trait, called polarization, while traveling from one end to another. These photons keep changing their shapes, called states, during their course through filters: vertical, horizontal, forward slash, and backslash. Quantum cryptography ensures that any attempt to intercept or tamper with the data will alter the quantum states of the photons and be detected by the sender and receiver . Homomorphic encryption is a type of encryption that allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without decrypting it first. Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) encryption is a type of asymmetric encryption that uses two keys, public and private, to encrypt and decrypt data. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a type of asymmetric encryption that uses mathematical curves to generate keys and perform encryption and decryption.

Answer : C

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a widely adopted access control model suitable for environments where permissions need to be aligned with job roles. Here's why RBAC is the best choice for ProNet:

Definition: RBAC assigns permissions to roles rather than individuals. Users are then assigned to these roles.

Efficiency: Reduces administrative overhead by allowing permissions to be managed at the role level.

Scalability: Suitable for large organizations as roles can be easily modified to reflect changes in job functions.

Security: Ensures that users have only the necessary permissions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Implementation:

Define Roles: Identify the various roles within the organization (e.g., Admin, Developer, HR).

Assign Permissions: Map the necessary permissions to each role.

User Assignment: Assign users to appropriate roles based on their job functions.

NIST RBAC model: Link

SANS Institute on RBAC: Link

Answer : C

Availability is the information security element that ensures that Stella's transaction status is immediately reflected in her bank account in this scenario. Information security is the practice of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Information security can be based on three fundamental principles: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality is the principle that ensures that information is accessible only to authorized parties and not disclosed to unauthorized parties. Integrity is the principle that ensures that information is accurate, complete, and consistent and not altered or corrupted by unauthorized parties. Availability is the principle that ensures that information and information systems are accessible and usable by authorized parties when needed. In the scenario, Stella purchased a smartwatch online using her debit card. After making payment for the product through the payment gateway, she received a transaction text message with a deducted and available balance from her bank. This means that her transaction status was immediately reflected in her bank account, which indicates that availability was ensured by her bank's information system.

Answer : D

Integrating Linux machines with a Windows environment for centralized log management poses significant challenges, primarily due to the incompatibility of log formats:

Log Format Differences:

Windows: Uses Event Viewer to store logs in a proprietary format.

Linux: Uses Syslog to store logs in plain text files with a different structure.

Centralized Management: To achieve effective centralized log management, logs from both systems need to be normalized into a common format.

Solutions:

Log Aggregators: Tools like Logstash or Fluentd can collect, parse, and transform logs from different systems into a unified format.

SIEM Systems: Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems like Splunk or ELK Stack can handle log ingestion from multiple sources, normalizing data for analysis.

SIEM Implementation Guides: Splunk Documentation

Log Management Best Practices: Syslog-ng Documentation