Fortinet NSE7_PBC-7.2 Fortinet NSE 7 - Public Cloud Security 7.2 Exam Practice Test

Answer : B

Based on the provided exhibit showing an active-passive FortiGate High Availability (HA) pair with external and internal Azure load balancers and without the use of an SDN connector, the administrator should implement a Probe IP address with two static routes (Option B).

Probe IP Address: Azure load balancers use a health probe to determine the health of the instances in the backend pool. The health probe ensures that the load balancer only directs traffic to the active (primary) FortiGate in an HA pair.

Two Static Routes: Given that this is an active-passive setup, static routing should be used to ensure deterministic traffic flow. Two static routes would be configured to ensure that traffic can flow to the active unit and be correctly routed to the protected subnets in failover scenarios.

Answer : A

Terraform manages and tracks the state of infrastructure resources through a file known as terraform.tfstate. This file is automatically created by Terraform and is updated after the application of a Terraform plan to capture the current state of the resources.

State File Purpose: The terraform.tfstate file contains a JSON object that records the IDs and properties of resources Terraform manages, so that it can map real-world resources to your configuration, keep track of metadata, and improve performance for large infrastructures.

State File Management: This file is crucial for Terraform to perform resource updates, deletions, and for creating dependencies. It's essentially the 'source of truth' for Terraform about your managed infrastructure and services.

Answer : A

The statement that best describes the concept of immutable infrastructure in the context of automation is:

A) It is the practice of deploying a new server for every configuration change.

Immutable Infrastructure Concept: This approach to infrastructure management involves replacing servers or components entirely rather than making changes to existing configurations once they are deployed. When a change is needed, a new server instance is provisioned with the desired configuration and the old one is decommissioned after the new one is successfully deployed and tested.

Benefits: Immutable infrastructure minimizes the risks associated with in-place updates, such as inconsistencies or failures due to configuration drift. It enhances reliability and predictability by ensuring that the deployed environment matches exactly what was tested in staging. This practice is particularly aligned with modern deployment strategies like blue/green or canary deployments.

Answer : C, D

When using an AWS CloudFormation template to add a new spoke to an existing transit VPC environment, the necessary components are:

The BGPASN value used for the transit VPC (Option C): BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) is required for setting up BGP routing between the transit VPC and the new spoke. This number uniquely identifies the system in BGP routing and is crucial for correct routing and avoiding routing conflicts.

The tag value of the spoke (Option D): Tags in AWS are used to identify and manage resources. The tag value assigned to a spoke VPC helps in organizing, managing, and locating the VPC within the larger AWS environment. Tags are essential for automation scripts and policies that depend on specific identifiers to apply configurations or rules.

Answer : C, D

For automating the process of adding new spoke VPCs in a transit VPC architecture within Amazon Web Services (AWS), the two relevant features are:

AWS Transit Gateway (Option C): This service is crucial for managing connectivity between VPCs and other networks without routing traffic through the public internet. It acts as a hub that controls how traffic is routed among all the connected networks, which simplifies network management and minimizes latency.

Amazon CloudWatch (Option D): CloudWatch provides monitoring and observability services that are essential for managing the health and performance of the AWS infrastructure, including Transit Gateways. It allows administrators to set alarms and react to changes in AWS resources, which is vital for the dynamic addition and integration of new spoke VPCs into the transit VPC architecture.

Answer : A, B, D

Spoke VPC Routing:The 0.0.0.0/0 (default) route in the spoke VPC must point to the Transit Gateway attachment for traffic to reach other VPCs or external destinations.

Security VPC Routing:Traffic from the security VPC needs to pass through the FortiGate for inspection and security controls. Therefore, the 0.0.0.0/0 route in the security VPC's TGW subnet routing table must point to the FortiGate's internal port.

FortiGate Routing:The FortiGate's internal subnet must have its 0.0.0.0/0 route configured to point to the Transit Gateway attachment, allowing traffic to be returned to other VPCs or reach the internet.

In an SD-WAN TGW Connect topology, when routing traffic from a spoke VPC to a security VPC through a Transit Gateway, the mandatory initial steps include:

From the spoke VPC internal routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW (Option A): This step is crucial for ensuring that all traffic from the spoke VPC destined for external networks is directed through the Transit Gateway, allowing for centralized management and security inspection.

From the security VPC TGW subnet routing table: point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the FortiGate internal port (Option B): Routing all traffic from the TGW subnet in the security VPC to the FortiGate's internal port ensures that traffic is subjected to the necessary security policies and inspections provided by the FortiGate appliance before it proceeds to other destinations or returns to the spoke VPCs.

From the security VPC FortiGate internal subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW (Option D): This configuration ensures that traffic returning from the security processes handled by the FortiGate is routed back through the Transit Gateway, maintaining the integrity of the secure transit path and ensuring proper routing back to the originating spoke or onward to the internet.

Answer : A, C

For Transit Gateway Connect peers in an IPv4 BGP configuration, the correct statements are:

The inside CIDR blocks are used for BGP peering (Option A): In a BGP configuration for Transit Gateway Connect, the inside CIDR blocks, typically within the 169.254.0.0/16 range, are designated for the BGP peering connections. These blocks are reserved for internal network protocols and are commonly used in AWS for automatic IP address assignment within managed networking services.

You must specify a /29 CIDR block from the 169.254.0.0/16 range (Option C): It is a requirement to specify a /29 CIDR block within the 169.254.0.0/16 range for setting up the network interfaces that facilitate BGP peering. This specific range allows for the necessary number of IP addresses to establish BGP sessions effectively between the transit gateway and on-premises or other virtual appliances.