LPI Linux Essentials Certificate, version 1.6 010-160 Exam Practice Test

Answer : C

The correct command to change the ownership of the file doku.odt to a new owner named tux ischown tux doku.odt. This command uses the chown command, which stands for change owner, followed by the name of the new owner and the name of the file as arguments.The chown command allows you to change the user and/or group ownership of a given file, directory, or symbolic link12. The other options are incorrect because they use different commands or syntax that do not change the ownership of the file. For example:

Option A uses the chmod command, which stands for change mode, and is used to change the permissions of files and directories, not the ownership3.

Option B uses the newuser command, which is used to create a new user account, not to change the ownership of a file4.

Option D uses the transfer command, which is not a valid Linux command.

Option E uses the passwd command, which is used to change the password of a user account, not the ownership of a file5.

Answer : A

The backslash character () is used to escape the meaning of the next character in a command line. This means that the next character is treated as a literal character, not as a special character. For example, if you want to use a space in a file name, you can use a backslash before the space to prevent the shell from interpreting it as a separator. Similarly, if you want to split a long command line across multiple lines, you can use a backslash at the end of each line to tell the shell that the command is not finished yet. The shell will ignore the newline character and continue reading the next line as part of the same command. For example, you can write:

ls -l

/home/user/Documents

instead of:

ls -l /home/user/Documents

Both commands will produce the same output, but the first one is easier to read and type.Reference:

Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.1.2

2.1 Command Line Basics - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 7.

Answer : B, D, E

A private web browser window is a mode of browsing that prevents the browser from saving your browsing history, cookies, and other site data, or information entered in forms. However, it does not prevent websites, your employer or school, or your internet service provider from tracking your online activity. The main differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window are:

Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently. Cookies are small files that websites use to store information on your device, such as your preferences, login status, or tracking data. In a regular web browser window, cookies are stored until they expire or you delete them. In a private web browser window, cookies are deleted when you close all private windows.

Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history. The browser history is a list of web pages that you have visited in the past. In a regular web browser window, the browser history is saved and can be accessed by anyone who uses the same device or profile. In a private web browser window, the browser history is not saved and cannot be viewed by anyone.

Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies. When you visit a website in a regular web browser window, the browser sends any cookies that are stored for that website. This allows the website to recognize you and provide personalized content or services. When you visit a website in a private web browser window, the browser does not send any cookies that are stored in regular windows. This prevents the website from identifying you or linking your activity across different sessions.

Answer : C

The Raspberry Pi uses an SD card (or microSD card for newer models) as its main storage device. This means that the operating system and any other files are stored on the SD card, which can be easily inserted or removed from the Raspberry Pi. The SD card also allows the user to switch between different operating systems by using different cards or partitions. The Raspberry Pi does not have any internal storage, such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive, nor does it use any external devices, such as an IDE bus, a firmware partition, or a GPIO module, to store the operating system.Reference:

Raspberry Pi OS -- Raspberry Pi

Choosing Storage for Raspberry Pi - Kingston Technology

Beginner's Guide: How To Install a New OS on Raspberry Pi

Answer : D

A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. There are different types of buses that serve different purposes. The RAM bus connects the CPU with the main memory, the NUMA bus connects multiple processors in a multiprocessor system, the CPU bus connects the CPU with other components on the motherboard, and the Auto bus is a fictional bus that can transform into a robot. The SATA bus is the correct answer because it is a type of bus that can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment and it is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical drives. SATA offers faster data transfer rates, lower power consumption, and improved cable management compared to older interfaces such as IDE and SCSI.Reference: : [Bus (computing)] : [Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)] : [Serial ATA]3) : [SATA vs. IDE: What's the Difference?]

Answer : A

The operator that matches the preceding character either zero or one time in a regular expression is the question mark (?). This operator is also known as the optional quantifier, because it makes the preceding character or group of characters optional. For example, the regular expression colou?r matches both color and colour, because the u is optional. The question mark can also be used to modify other quantifiers, such as * (zero or more), + (one or more), or {m,n} (between m and n times), to make them non-greedy, meaning they will match the shortest possible string instead of the longest. For example, the regular expression .*? matches any character zero or more times, but as few as possible. The question mark is one of the basic regular expression operators covered in the Linux Essentials certification program from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI).Reference:

Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)

Regular Expressions:Difference between 'optional occurrence' and 'zero ...

Answer : D

The /var directory must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system.The reason is that the /var directory contains files and directories that are expected to change in size and content as the normal operation of the system progresses, such as logs, spool files, and temporary files1. Therefore, the /var directory needs to have enough space and permission to accommodate these changes.If the /var directory is mounted as read-only, some system services and applications may fail to start or function properly2.

The other options are not directories that must be mounted with read and write access if they reside on their own dedicated file system.The /opt directory contains optional or third-party software packages that are not part of the default installation1.The /lib directory contains libraries and kernel modules that are essential for the binaries in /bin and /sbin directories1.The /etc directory contains configuration files for the system and applications1.The /usr directory contains user-related programs, libraries, documentation, and data1.These directories are usually mounted as read-only to prevent accidental or malicious modification of their contents3.Reference:

Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 102.1, Weight 3

Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 2, Page 34-35

Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, Chapter 3, Page 17-18