Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks 4A0-220 Exam Questions

Answer : A

Coordination of L0 and L1 resources in case of a failure in an MRN is achieved by setting the color constraints. Color constraints are used to specify which wavelengths or timeslots can be used by a given LSP request. By setting the color constraints, the NFM-T can ensure that the L0 and L1 resources are compatible and consistent across the network. For example, if an L0 LSP request requires a specific wavelength, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that wavelength and assign it to the L0 LSP. Similarly, if an L1 LSP request requires a specific timeslot, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that timeslot and assign it to the L1 LSP. This way, the coordination of L0 and L1 resources is achieved by ensuring that the same color is used by both layers.Reference:Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia,3. GMPLS - Nokia

Answer : B

A distributed control plane for GMPLS means that each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric. This allows the routers to communicate with each other and establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network without relying on a centralized controller or network manager. A distributed control plane can improve the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the network.Reference:Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia,GMPLS - Nokia

Answer : C

The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP.The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34.Reference:

3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia

4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia

Answer : D

The GMRE notify address is an IP address used to signal failures on downstream nodes upstream to the head node. The GMRE notify address is configured on each GMRE node and is used to send a Notify message to the head node when a failure occurs on a link or node along the LSP. The Notify message contains the failure information and the LSP ID. The head node can then initiate a restoration process based on the Notify message.Reference:Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia,GMPLS - Nokia

Answer : C

The Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T is an administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link. This state is used to prepare a TE-link for maintenance or decommissioning without affecting the existing services. The NFM-T sets the TE-link to Soft Shutting Down state by sending a Notify message with the Administrative State Change flag to the head-end node of the TE-link. The head-end node then stops accepting new LSP requests over the TE-link and sends a PathErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the tail-end nodes of the LSPs in the TE-link. The tail-end nodes then stop sending new traffic over the LSPs and send a ResvErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the intermediate nodes of the LSPs. The intermediate nodes then update their routing tables and stop forwarding new traffic over the LSPs. The existing traffic, however, continues to flow over the LSPs until they are manually deleted or rerouted by the NFM-T.Reference:Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia,Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia

Answer : B

Test Mode is a feature of the Link Management Protocol (LMP) that allows testing the connectivity and functionality of a link or a TE-link. Test Mode can be initiated by either end of a link or a TE-link by sending a Test Message with a Test ID and a Test Pattern. The Test Message is sent over the control channel of the link or the TE-link and contains information such as the source and destination IP addresses, the link ID, and the test parameters. The receiving node then verifies the Test Message and sends back a TestStatusAck message with the same Test ID and Test Pattern. The TestStatusAck message indicates whether the test was successful or not, and if not, what was the reason for failure. Test Mode can be used to check if a link or a TE-link is operational, if it has any errors or faults, or if it supports certain features or capabilities.Reference:Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia,RFC 4204 - Link Management Protocol (LMP)

Answer : C

The GMRE node address is the IP address for communication between network elements (NEs) in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The GMRE node address is also known as the GMRE loopback address or the GMPLS node IP. It is used by GMPLS protocols such as LMP and RSVP to identify and communicate with other GMRE nodes. The GMRE node address is configured on each NE and is advertised by OSPF-TE to other nodes in the same area.Reference:Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO,1830 PSS Identifiers