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What does "computationally complete" mean in the context of fUML?
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Consider the following diagram fragment:
Which statement is correct?
Answer : A
In UML, the {subsets} keyword is used to indicate that one property is a subset of another property. In the provided diagram fragment, the association end -b {subsets part} indicates that the property b on class A is a subset of the property part on class B. This means that the elements associated with A through b are contained within the larger set associated with B through part. This kind of relationship is typically used in more complex class models where a part-whole hierarchy is represented, and it allows the model to show that certain associations are more specific subsets of a more general association. This usage is explained in the UML 2.x Superstructure Specification, where the semantics of association subsets are defined.
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A project's requirements call for flexibility in the collection class design. Most of the collections will be a fixed length of 25 elements. However, allowance must be made in the design for collections that are a fixed length longer than 25.
Which model fragment supports the project's requirements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Answer : C
The UML model fragment that best supports the project's requirements for collection class design is one that allows the fixed length of the collections to be specified but also permits flexibility for collections longer than 25 elements. In Option C, the ClarusCollection class is shown as a template class with a template parameter Size set to a default of 25. However, the dashed lines and the separate box for Type and Size indicate that while there is a default value, it can be overridden. This means that the Size can be parameterized, thus allowing the creation of ClarusCollection instances with different fixed lengths, not just 25. This design will enable most collections to be created with the default size of 25, but also allows for creating collections with sizes greater than 25, providing the flexibility required by the project's requirements. This adheres to the UML 2.x specification on templates and parameterization.
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Given the following diagram fragment:
Which review comment is valid and applicable?
Answer : C
The provided diagram fragment shows what appears to be Components or Classes with dashed arrows pointing towards them. Typically in UML, a dashed arrow with an unfilled arrowhead represents a Realization relationship, which is used to show that an element (such as an interface) is realized by another element (such as a class or component). However, when we are talking about Classes like 'EventRegistration,' 'MessagePacket,' 'Attendee,' and 'Session' which seem to share a common nature or purpose with 'EmailServices,' these relationships are more appropriately modeled as Generalizations, indicating that they inherit from a common superclass or implement a common interface. Realizations are typically not used in this context. Hence, the dashed arrows in the diagram should be solid lines representing Generalization, not Realization. This answer aligns with the UML 2.x Superstructure Specification, which provides guidance on the usage of Realization and Generalization relationships in class diagrams.
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In a model of a commercial transaction, actors might exchange euros, pesos, and dollars
Which figure illustrates compliant use of UML information items for these currency exchanges?
Answer : B
In UML, an InformationItem represents an abstraction of all those elements in a UML model that have an information-bearing feature. It is depicted as a classifier with the keyword informationItem. An InformationItem does not have direct instances and serves as a mechanism to handle unspecified, untyped information in a model. In the context of a commercial transaction model, currencies such as euros, pesos, and dollars can be abstractly represented as InformationItems to signify that they are used as a form of data exchange but without specifying the concrete structure or data type. Figure 2 correctly uses InformationItem notation, with the informationItem keyword and the directed association pointing from the Currency InformationItem to the Euro, Peso, and Dollar, which are likely representations or manifestations of the Currency. This complies with the UML specification for representing abstract entities in models that are involved in the exchange or flow of information.
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What characterizes the generalization relationship between two Classifiers where the child can NOT be substituted for the parent?
Answer : C
In UML, the isSubstitutable property of a generalization relationship indicates whether instances of the child classifier can be used wherever instances of the parent classifier are expected, that is, whether the subclass is substitutable for the superclass. When this property is set to false, it means that the child classifier cannot be substituted for the parent classifier. This property is part of the UML metamodel for generalization and affects how inheritance is interpreted in terms of substitutability, as described in the UML 2.x Superstructure Specification.
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What does a lower multiplicity of one for an end of an n-ary Association imply?
Answer : A
In UML, the multiplicity of an association end specifies how many instances of the class at that end can participate in a single association. A lower multiplicity of one (1) at one end of an n-ary (where n > 2) association implies that there must be at least one link that combines the values of the other ends, but it doesn't require that a link exists for every possible combination. Therefore, it's possible for some combinations to exist as links, while others do not, which is indicated by the option that links combining the values of the other ends may exist or may not exist. This interpretation is consistent with the definition of multiplicity in associations as outlined in the UML 2.x Superstructure Specification.