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OMG-OCUP2-FOUND100 OMG Certified UML Professional 2 (OCUP 2) - Foundation Level Exam Practice Test
Question 1
Choose the correct answer:
How many valid Action notations are shown below?
Answer : D
UML 2 Foundation concepts for activity diagrams, there are three valid action notations shown. Here's a breakdown of the elements and why answer D is the most accurate:
The diagram displays an activity diagram with a main flow and a fork followed by a join.
Main Flow:This starts with an action labeled 'Fill Order'.
Fork:The path splits into two branches after 'Fill Order'.
Branch 1:This branch leads to an action labeled 'Print Paycheck'.
Branch 2:This branch leads to an action labeled 'Send Invoice'.
Join:The two branches converge into a join element.
Following the Join:An action labeled 'End' is present after the join.
Explanation for Valid Actions:
Fill Order:This clearly represents an action within the activity diagram.
Print Paycheck:This is another valid action on a separate branch.
Send Invoice:Similarly, this is an action on the other branch.
Explanation for Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A . 0:There are clearly multiple actions depicted in the diagram.
B . 1:There are more than one valid action shown.
C . 2:While there are actions before the fork, there's also a valid action ('End') after the join.
E . 4:Counting the join element as an action results in an overcount. Joins represent control flow elements to synchronize multiple paths, not actions themselves.
Reference
Question 2
Choose the correct answer:
How many activities can feed an initial node at the beginning of an activity thread?
Answer : C
The initial node is depicted as a filled circle and is used to show where the control starts within the activity. When the activity is invoked, control tokens are placed on the initial node and can then traverse the outgoing edge to the first action or activity node. The specification clearly states that there should be only one outgoing edge, ensuring that the flow of control is unambiguous at the start of the activity.
It's important to note that while multiple initial nodes can exist within a single activity diagram, each initial node can only be the source of one outgoing edge, and thus, only one activity can feed each initial node.
Question 3
Choose the correct answer:
Which statement is true about the following diagram?
Answer : C
The execution starts from activity A (as there's no incoming transition).
From A, there's only one outgoing transition leading to activity E.
Following the transition from E, the flow reaches activity C.
There are no further outgoing transitions from C, signifying the end of the valid trace.
Explanation of Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A . E waits for an Event:The diagram doesn't show an explicit wait event associated with activity E. While an event might trigger the initial start of the activity A, the provided trace (A, E, C) focuses on the control flow between the activities themselves.
B . E is always executed faster than B:There's no basis to establish a timing relationship between E and B based solely on the structure of the diagram. The order of execution is A, E, C, but their relative speeds cannot be determined from this information.
D . C waits for tokens on both incoming edges:Activity C has two incoming transitions, but the concept of waiting for tokens on both edges simultaneously doesn't apply here. Since the flow reaches C from activity E, only the transition from E provides the token needed to enable C's execution.
Trace vs. Path
It's important to distinguish between trace and path in an activity diagram:
Trace:A specific sequence of activity executions along a feasible path.
Path:A possible route through the activity diagram, which may or may not be a valid trace depending on the presence of decisions or loops.
In this case, the answer focuses on the valid trace A, E, C, which represents a confirmed sequence of activity executions based on the transitions in the diagram.
Reference
Question 4
Choose the correct answer:
Consider the following two diagrams:
Which description of these diagrams is true?
Answer : A
Start Node:Represented by a black circle, indicating the starting point of the activity.
Action a:Represented by a rounded rectangle, signifying an action or step within the activity.
Action READY:Another rounded rectangle representing an action.
End Node:A circle with a black dot inside, marking the end point of the activity.
Based on the common elements in both Act1 and Act2:
The activity starts at the designated start node.
It proceeds to action 'a'.
Then it moves to action 'READY'.
Finally, it reaches the end node, signifying completion.
There are no additional branches or loops that would allow for re-starting the activity or re-executing action 'a' multiple times.
Analysis of Other Options:
B . Initial and final nodes are optional...While it's true that initial and final nodes can be implicit in some cases, well-formed activity diagrams typically include them for clarity. Here, both diagrams have them explicitly.
C . In diagram Act1. action a can get executed once...There's no basis to claim a difference in the number of executions of action 'a' between the two diagrams.
D . Diagram Act2 is incomplete...Both diagrams seem complete as they have proper start and end nodes, and the flow goes from start to finish without any ambiguity.
Therefore, considering the structure and execution flow, both Act1 and Act2 will end after the 'READY' action, and no further signals will be accepted, making answer A the most accurate description.
Question 5
Choose the correct answer:
Which statement is correct regarding object (lows and control flows?
Answer : B
Represent the movement of data or objects between activities.
Can support multicast, meaning sending a single token to multiple recipients.
Can support transformation, where input tokens are altered or transformed into different output tokens.
Control Flows
Represent the sequence of execution between activities.
Generally carry control tokens to indicate when the next activity can begin.
Explanation for why Answer B is Correct
Multicast and Transformation:Object flows are specifically designed to handle more complex scenarios with multiple inputs, outputs, and the ability to transform data. Control Flows are focused on the order of execution and don't directly support these capabilities.
Analysis of Other Options:
A . Both object flows and control flows can pass...: While both can carry tokens, the specializations of multicast and transformation are unique to object flows.
C . Only control flows provide additional support...: This is incorrect. As mentioned above, these features are associated with object flows, not control flows.
D . Only object flows may reorder...: This is potentially true, but less central to the main difference between object flows and control flows, which is the ability of object flows to support multicast and transformation.
Reference
Question 6
Choose the correct answer:
Which statement is true about the following diagram?
Answer : D
The diagram likely represents a UML activity diagram, which is used to model the workflow of a system. The correct answer is D because it reflects the behavior of decision nodes and concurrent flows in UML activity diagrams.
In UML, when an activity reaches a decision node (depicted as a diamond), it chooses one among several alternative flows. In this case, after the completion of action A, the flow must decide between B or D, but not both, which is a fundamental aspect of decision nodes in UML. This is supported by the UML 2.5 specification, which states that a decision node routes tokens to one of the available outgoing edges based on the conditions evaluated at runtime, ensuring that only one path is taken.
Furthermore, the UML specification explains that the notation for decision nodes and the semantics of token flows are such that they support the modeling of conditional and concurrent behaviors within an activity. This is essential for accurately capturing the logic of complex systems and their operations.
For a more in-depth understanding, you can refer to the UML 2.5.1 specification provided by the Object Management Group (OMG), which details the notation and semantics of activity diagrams, including decision nodes and flows. Additionally, studying the official OMG UML 2 Certification Guide can provide further clarification on these concepts.
Question 7
Choose the correct answer:
In the model shown below, what is gained by using the Extend relationship?
Answer : C
In UML, the extend relationship indicates that the behavior defined in the extending use case (the extension) can be inserted into the behavior defined in the extended use case (the base). The extension occurs only under certain conditions, which are specified by the extension points. This relationship allows for the addition of optional behavior to a use case, which can be activated under certain conditions.
The diagram provided shows an extension relationship where 'Charge credit card' and 'Pay with PayPal' are extending 'Charge account' use case at the 'Charging' extension point.
The key benefit of using the extend relationship in this context is that it allows for the flexible addition of new behaviors (like new payment methods) without modifying the main use cases. It helps in evolving the system by adding optional behaviors that only occur under certain conditions, which is mentioned as an option:
C . This Use Case model could be updated with further payment methods without changing the main Use Cases 'Book a car' and 'Charge account'.
This means that new payment methods could be incorporated as additional extending use cases in the future, just like 'Charge credit card' and 'Pay with PayPal'.
The other options do not correctly describe the use of the extend relationship: A) extend relationships do not replace the need for behavior descriptions such as activities. B) It's not about functional decomposition; it's about adding optional or conditional behavior. D) extend is not a taxonomic relationship and does not extract general descriptions into a super Use Case; rather, it adds behavior under certain conditions.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
C . This Use Case model could be updated with further payment methods without changing the main Use Cases 'Book a car' and 'Charge account'.
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