Splunk Core Certified Power User SPLK-1002 Exam Practice Test

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. Product, count: addtocart, count: remove, count: purchase, sum: addtocart, sum: remove, sum: purchase1.

In Splunk, the chart command is used to create a table or a chart visualization from your data2. The chart command takes at least one function and one field, and optionally another field to group by2.

In the given search, the chart command is used with two functions (count and sum), two fields (domain and price), and two fields to group by (product and action). The usenull=f and useother=f options are used to exclude null values and other values from the chart2.

The chart command creates a table with headers that match the order of the fields and functions in the command1. The headers for the count function are prefixed with count:, and the headers for the sum function are prefixed with sum:1. The values of the product and action fields are used as the suffixes for the headers1.

Therefore, the table headers created by this command are Product, count: addtocart, count: remove, count: purchase, sum: addtocart, sum: remove, and sum: purchase1.

Answer : A

During the validation step of the Field Extractor workflow, you can remove values that aren't a match for the field you want to define2.The validation step allows you to review and edit the values that have been extracted by the FX and make sure they are correct and consistent2.You can remove values that aren't a match by clicking on them and selecting Remove Value from the menu2.This will exclude them from your field extraction and update the regular expression accordingly2. Therefore, option A is correct, while options B and C are incorrect because they are not actions that you can perform during the validation step of the Field Extractor workflow.

Answer : A

Field aliases in Splunk are alternate names assigned to fields. These can be particularly useful for normalizing data from different sources or simply for making field names more intuitive. Once an alias is created for a field, it can be used across various Splunk knowledge objects, enhancing their flexibility and utility.

A . Calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags: This is the correct answer. Field aliases can indeed be referenced in calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags within Splunk. When you create an alias for a field, that alias can then be used in these knowledge objects just like any standard field name.

Calculated fields: These are expressions that can create new field values based on existing data. You can use an alias in a calculated field expression to refer to the original field.

Lookups: These are used to enrich your event data by referencing external data sources. If you've created an alias for a field that matches a field in your lookup table, you can use that alias in your lookup configurations.

Event types: These are classifications for events that meet certain search criteria. You can use field aliases in the search criteria for defining an event type.

Tags: These allow you to assign meaningful labels to data, making it easier to search and report on. You can use field aliases in the search criteria that you tag.

Answer : D

The search below would limit an ''alert'' tag to the ''host'' field.

tag::host=alert

The search does the following:

It uses tag syntax to filter events by tags. Tags are custom labels that can be applied to fields or field values to provide additional context or meaning for your data.

It specifies tag::host=alert as the tag filter. This means that it will only return events that have an ''alert'' tag applied to their host field or host field value.

It uses an equal sign (=) to indicate an exact match between the tag and the field or field value.

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Pivot1.

In Splunk, Pivot is a tool that uses data models to generate reports and dashboard panels without the need for users to write or understand Splunk's Search Processing Language (SPL)1. Data models enable users of Pivot to create compelling reports and dashboards1. When a Pivot user designs a pivot report, they select the data model that represents the category of event data that they want to work with1. Then they select a dataset within that data model that represents the specific dataset on which they want to report1. This makes Pivot a powerful tool for users who need to create visualizations but do not have a deep understanding of SPL1.

Answer : D

The correct syntax to find events associated with a tag in Splunk is tag=<value>1. So, the correct answer is D) tag=<value>. This syntax allows you to annotate specified fields in your search results with tags1.

In Splunk, tags are a type of knowledge object that you can use to add meaningful aliases to field values in your data1. For example, if you have a field called status_code in your data, you might have different status codes like 200, 404, 500, etc. You can create tags for these status codes like success for 200, not_found for 404, and server_error for 500. Then, you can use the tag command in your searches to find events associated with these tags1.

Here is an example of how you can use the tag command in a search:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field in the search results with the corresponding tags. If you have tagged the status code 200 with success, the status code 404 with not_found, and the status code 500 with server_error, the search results will include these tags1.

You can also use the tag command with a specific tag value to find events associated with that tag. For example, the following search finds all events where the status code is tagged with success:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code | search tag::status_code=success

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field with the corresponding tags, and the search command filters the results to include only events where the status_code field is tagged with success1.

Answer : C

An existing accelerated data model can be edited, but the data model must be de-accelerated before any structural edits can be made (Option C). This is because the acceleration process involves pre-computing and storing data, and changes to the data model's structure could invalidate or conflict with the pre-computed data. Once the data model is de-accelerated and edits are completed, it can be re-accelerated to optimize performance.

Answer : A

https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/8.1.1/SearchReference/ConditionalFunctions

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Calculated fields can be chained together to create more complex fields.

Calculated fields are fields that are added to events at search time by using eval expressions. They can be used to perform calculations with the values of two or more fields already present in those events. Calculated fields can be defined with Splunk Web or in the props.conf file. They can be used in searches, reports, dashboards, and data models like any other extracted field1.

Calculated fields can also be chained together to create more complex fields. This means that you can use a calculated field as an input for another calculated field. For example, if you have a calculated field named total that sums up the values of two fields named price and tax, you can use the total field to create another calculated field named discount that applies a percentage discount to the total field. To do this, you need to define the discount field with an eval expression that references the total field, such as:

discount = total * 0.9

This will create a new field named discount that is equal to 90% of the total field value for each event2.

About calculated fields

Chaining calculated fields

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. Distributable streaming. This is because the eval command is a type of command that can run on the indexers before the results are sent to the search head. This reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred and improves the search performance. Distributable streaming commands can operate on each event or result individually, without depending on other events or results. You can learn more about the types of commands and how they affect search performance from the Splunk documentation1.

Answer : B

Answer : C

https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/8.0.2/Knowledge/CreateworkflowactionsinSplunkWeb

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Event category tags. This is because the CIM add-on contains a collection of preconfigured data models that you can apply to your data at search time. Each data model in the CIM consists of a set of field names and tags that define the least common denominator of a domain of interest. Event category tags are used to classify events into high-level categories, such as authentication, network traffic, or web activity. You can use these tags to filter and analyze events based on their category. You can learn more about event category tags from the Splunk documentation12. The other options are incorrect because they are not included with the CIM add-on. Search macros are reusable pieces of search syntax that you can invoke from other searches. They are not specific to the CIM add-on, although some Splunk apps may provide their own search macros. Workflow actions are custom links or scripts that you can run on specific fields or events. They are also not specific to the CIM add-on, although some Splunk apps may provide their own workflow actions. tsidx files are index files that store the terms and pointers to the raw data in Splunk buckets. They are part of the Splunk indexing process and have nothing to do with the CIM add-on.

Answer : D

To create a tag, the user must have the tag capability associated with their user role. The tag capability allows the user to create, edit, and delete tags. The user does not need to identify a field:value pair, have the Power role, or be able to edit the sourcetype the tag applies to. Reference SeeDefine and manage tags in Settingsand [About capabilities] in the Splunk Documentation.

Answer : C

Answer : A

Thetransactioncommand is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints1.

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member1.

Thetransactioncommand adds some fields to the raw events that are part of the transaction12. These fields are:

duration: The difference, in seconds, between the timestamps for the first and last events in the transaction12.

eventcount: The number of events in the transaction12.

closed_txn: A Boolean field that indicates whether the transaction is closed or evicted2.A transaction is closed if it meets one of the following conditions:maxevents,maxpause,maxspan, orstartswith2.A transaction is evicted if it does not meet any of these conditions and exceeds the memory limit specified bymaxopentxnormaxopenevents23.

Therefore, evicted transactions can be distinguished from non-evicted transactions by checking the value of theclosed_txnfield.Theclosed_txnfield is set to0, or false, for evicted transactions and1, or true for non-evicted, or closed, transactions23.

Answer : B, C

Answer : D

The correct syntax to find events associated with a tag in Splunk is tag=<value>1. So, the correct answer is D) tag=<value>. This syntax allows you to annotate specified fields in your search results with tags1.

In Splunk, tags are a type of knowledge object that you can use to add meaningful aliases to field values in your data1. For example, if you have a field called status_code in your data, you might have different status codes like 200, 404, 500, etc. You can create tags for these status codes like success for 200, not_found for 404, and server_error for 500. Then, you can use the tag command in your searches to find events associated with these tags1.

Here is an example of how you can use the tag command in a search:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field in the search results with the corresponding tags. If you have tagged the status code 200 with success, the status code 404 with not_found, and the status code 500 with server_error, the search results will include these tags1.

You can also use the tag command with a specific tag value to find events associated with that tag. For example, the following search finds all events where the status code is tagged with success:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code | search tag::status_code=success

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field with the corresponding tags, and the search command filters the results to include only events where the status_code field is tagged with success1.

Answer : B

The rex command allows you to extract fields from events using regular expressions. You can use the rex command to specify a named group that matches the port number in the event. For example:

rex '\+\+\+\+port (?\d+)'

This will create a field called port with the value 54 for the event.

The delimiter method is not suitable for this event because there is no consistent delimiter between the fields. The regular expression method is not a valid option for the Field Extractor tool. The Field Extractor tool can extract regular expressions, but it is not a method by itself.

Answer : A

Answer : C

Answer : C

One of the statements that would help a user choose between the transaction and stats commands is that there is a 1000 event limitation with the transaction command3.The transaction command is used to group events that share a common value for one or more fields into transactions3.The transaction command has a default limit of 1000 events per transaction, which means that it will not group more than 1000 events into a single transaction3.This limit can be changed by using the maxevents parameter, but it can affect the performance and memory usage of Splunk3. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect because they are not statements that would help a user choose between the transaction and stats commands.

Answer : C

A chart is a graphical representation of your search results that shows the relationship between two or more fields2.You can display a chart in stack mode by changing the Stack Mode option in the Format menu2.Stack mode allows you to stack multiple series on top of each other in a chart to show the cumulative values of each series2. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect because they are not ways to display a chart in stack mode.

Answer : A, B, D

As mentioned before, there are two types of workflow actions: GET and POST1.Both types of workflow actions can be executed from search results by clicking on an event field value that has a workflow action configured for it1.Another type of workflow action is Search, which runs another search based on the field value1. Therefore, options A, B and D are correct, while option C is incorrect because LOOKUP is not a type of workflow action.

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. The value for the productName field because it appears first.

The coalesce function is an eval function that takes an arbitrary number of arguments and returns the first value that is not null. A null value means that the field has no value at all, while an empty value means that the field has a value, but it is '''' or zero-length1.

The coalesce function can be used to combine fields that have different names but represent the same data, such as IP address or user name. The coalesce function can also be used to rename fields for clarity or convenience2.

The syntax for the coalesce function is:

coalesce(<field1>,<field2>,...)

The coalesce function will return the value of the first field that is not null in the argument list. If all fields are null, the coalesce function will return null.

For example, if you have a set of events where the IP address is extracted to either clientip or ipaddress, you can use the coalesce function to define a new field called ip, that takes the value of either clientip or ipaddress, depending on which is not null:

| eval ip=coalesce(clientip,ipaddress)

In your example, you have a set of events where the product name is extracted to either productName or productid, and you use the coalesce function to define a new field called productINFO, that takes the value of either productName or productid, depending on which is not null:

| eval productINFO=coalesce(productName,productid)

If both productName and productid fields have values for a given event, the coalesce function will return the value of the productName field because it appears first in the argument list. The productid field will be ignored by the coalesce function.

Therefore, the value for the productName field will be used to populate the productINFO field if both fields have values for a given event.

Search Command> Coalesce

USAGE OF SPLUNK EVAL FUNCTION : COALESCE

Answer : B, D

Hello, this is Bing. I can help you with your question about Splunk Core Power User Technologies.

The correct answers are B. duration and D. transaction id.

The explanation is as follows:

The transaction command is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints12.

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member12.

The transaction command adds some fields to the raw events that are part of the transaction123. These fields are:

duration: The difference, in seconds, between the timestamps for the first and last events in the transaction123.

eventcount: The number of events in the transaction123.

transaction_id: A unique identifier for each transaction3. This field is useful for filtering or joining transactions3.

Therefore, the fields that the transaction command adds to the raw events are duration and transaction_id, which are options B and D in your question.

Answer : B

In Splunk, a data model's root dataset is the foundational element upon which the rest of the data model is built. The root dataset can be of various types, including search, transaction, or event-based datasets. One of the key features of the root dataset is that it automatically inherits the knowledge objects associated with its base search. These knowledge objects include field extractions, lookups, aliases, and calculated fields that are defined for the base search, ensuring that the root dataset has all necessary contextual information from the outset. This allows users to build upon this dataset with additional child datasets and objects without having to redefine the base search's knowledge objects.

Answer : D

The Field Extractor (FX) allows you to use regular expressions (regex) to extract fields from your events using a graphical interface or by manually editing the regex2.When you use the FX to perform a regex field extraction, you can use the require option to specify a string that must be present in an event for it to be included in the extraction2.This way, you can filter out events that do not contain the required string and focus on the events that are relevant for your extraction2. Therefore, option D is correct, while options A, B and C are incorrect.

Answer : A, C, D

The following commands are used when creating visualizations: geom, geostats, and iplocation. Visualizations are graphical representations of data that show trends, patterns, or comparisons. Visualizations can have different types, such as charts, tables, maps, etc. Visualizations can be created by using various commands that transform the data into a suitable format for the visualization type. Some of the commands that are used when creating visualizations are:

geom: This command is used to create choropleth maps that show geographic regions with different colors based on some metric. The geom command takes a KMZ file as an argument that defines the geographic regions and their boundaries. The geom command also takes a field name as an argument that specifies the metric to use for coloring the regions.

geostats: This command is used to create cluster maps that show groups of events with different sizes and colors based on some metric. The geostats command takes a latitude and longitude field as arguments that specify the location of the events. The geostats command also takes a statistical function as an argument that specifies the metric to use for sizing and coloring the clusters.

iplocation: This command is used to create location-based visualizations that show events with different attributes based on their IP addresses. The iplocation command takes an IP address field as an argument and adds some additional fields to the events, such as Country, City, Latitude, Longitude, etc. The iplocation command can be used with other commands such as geom or geostats to create maps based on IP addresses.

Answer : A

The Common Information Model (CIM) add-on in Splunk applies preconfigured data models to data at search time. This means that when a search is executed, the CIM add-on uses its predefined data models to normalize and map the relevant data to a common format. This approach ensures that data is interpreted and analyzed consistently across various datasets without modifying the data at index time.

Splunk Docs: About the Common Information Model

Splunk Answers: CIM Add-on Data Models

Answer : D

Answer : A, B, C

Data model datasets have a hierarchical relationship with each other, meaning they have parent-child relationships. Data models can contain multiple dataset hierarchies. There are three types of dataset hierarchies: event, search, and transaction.

https://docs.splunk.com/Splexicon:Datamodeldataset

Answer : C

In this case, the outer join is applied, which means that all rows from the outer (left) table will be included, even if there are no matching rows in the inner (right) table. The result will include all five rows from the outer table, with the matched data from the inner table where employeeNumber matches. Rows without matching employeeNumber values will have null values for the fields from the inner table.

Splunk Documentation - Join Command

Answer : D

Answer : A

The transaction command groups events that share a common value in a specified field, such as JSESSIONID, and that occur within a specified time range. The search command filters the results to show only the events that match the given value of JSESSIONID.This search groups the events by JSESSIONID and then shows only the events that have the value SD462K101C2F267 for JSESSIONID2

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.

Answer : D

The eval command supports a number of functions that you can use in your expressions to perform calculations, conversions, string manipulations and more2.One of the eval command functions is tostring(), which converts a numeric value to a string value2. Therefore, option D is correct, while options A, B and C are incorrect because they are not valid eval command functions.

Answer : B

The eval command is used to create new fields or modify existing fields based on an expression2.The eval command can perform various actions such as calculations, conversions, string manipulations and more2.One of the actions that the eval command can perform is to create or replace an existing field with a new value based on an expression2.For example,| eval status=if(status='200','OK','ERROR')will create or replace the status field with either OK or ERROR depending on the original value of status2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are not actions that the eval command can perform.

Answer : D

The search below would limit an ''alert'' tag to the ''host'' field.

tag::host=alert

The search does the following:

It uses tag syntax to filter events by tags. Tags are custom labels that can be applied to fields or field values to provide additional context or meaning for your data.

It specifies tag::host=alert as the tag filter. This means that it will only return events that have an ''alert'' tag applied to their host field or host field value.

It uses an equal sign (=) to indicate an exact match between the tag and the field or field value.

Answer : A

Answer : D

The correct answer is D. Search.

A workflow action is a knowledge object that enables a variety of interactions between fields in events and other web resources. Workflow actions can create HTML links, generate HTTP POST requests, or launch secondary searches based on field values1.

There are three types of workflow actions that can be set up using Splunk Web: GET, POST, and Search2.

GET workflow actions create typical HTML links to do things like perform Google searches on specific values or run domain name queries against external WHOIS databases2.

POST workflow actions generate an HTTP POST request to a specified URI. This action type enables you to do things like creating entries in external issue management systems using a set of relevant field values2.

Search workflow actions launch secondary searches that use specific field values from an event, such as a search that looks for the occurrence of specific combinations of ipaddress and http_status field values in your index over a specific time range2.

Therefore, the workflow action type that performs a secondary search is Search.

Splexicon:Workflowaction

About workflow actions in Splunk Web

Answer : E

: A comparison operator is a symbol that compares two values and returns a Boolean result (true or false)2.Splunk supports various comparison operators such as <, >, =, !=, <=, >=, IN and LIKE2.However, ?= is not a valid comparison operator in Splunk and will cause a syntax error if used in a search string2. Therefore, option E is correct, while options A, B, C and D are incorrect because they are valid comparison operators in Splunk

Answer : C

When creating an event type in Splunk, subsearches are allowed in the search string. Subsearches enable users to perform a secondary search whose results are used as input for the main search. This functionality is useful for more complex event type definitions that require additional filtering or criteria based on another search.

Splunk Docs: About subsearches

Splunk Docs: Event type creation

Splunk Answers: Using subsearches in event types

Answer : A

The eval command 'if' function requires the following three arguments (in order): boolean expression, result if true, result if false. The eval command is a search command that allows you to create new fields or modify existing fields by performing calculations or transformations on them. The eval command can use various functions to perform different operations on fields. The 'if' function is one of the functions that can be used with the eval command to perform conditional evaluations on fields. The 'if' function takes three arguments: a boolean expression that evaluates to true or false, a result that will be returned if the boolean expression is true, and a result that will be returned if the boolean expression is false. The 'if' function returns one of the two results based on the evaluation of the boolean expression.

Answer : C

To use a search macro in a search string, you need to place a back tick character (`) before and after the macro name1. You also need to use the same number of arguments as defined in the macro2. The macro weekly sales (2) has two arguments: Price and AmountSold. Therefore, you need to provide two values for these arguments when you call the macro.

The option A is incorrect because it uses parentheses instead of back ticks around the macro name. The option B is incorrect because it uses underscores instead of spaces in the macro name. The option D is incorrect because it uses spaces instead of commas to separate the argument values.

Answer : B

The transaction and stats commands are two ways to group events from one or more data sources based on common fields or time ranges. The transaction command creates a single event out of a group of related events, while the stats command calculates summary statistics over a group of events. The eval and coalesce commands are used to create or combine fields, not to group events. The format command is used to format the results of a subsearch, not to group events.The top and rare commands are used to rank the most or least common values of a field, not to group events23

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.3: Splunk Documentation, stats command.

Answer : B

A space is an implied AND in a search string, which means that it acts as a logical operator that returns events that match both terms on either side of the space2.For example,status=200 method=GETwill return events that have both status=200 and method=GET2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are not implied by a space in a search string.

Topic 2, Questions Set 2

Answer : B, C, D

The timeline is a graphical representation of your search results that shows the distribution of events over time2.You can use the timeline to zoom in or out of a specific time range or to select one or more bars on the timeline to filter your results by that time range2.However, these actions will not re-run the search, but rather refine the existing results based on the selected time range2. Therefore, options B, C and D are correct, while option A is incorrect because zooming out will re-run the search with a broader time range.

Answer : B

Answer : B

A POST workflow action in Splunk is designed to send data to an external web service by using HTTP POST requests. This type of workflow action can pass a combination of clear text strings and variables derived from the search results or event data. The clear text strings might include static text or predefined values, while the variables are dynamic elements that represent specific fields or values extracted from the Splunk events. This flexibility allows for constructing detailed and context-specific requests to external systems, enabling various integration and automation scenarios. The POST request can include both types of data, making it versatile for different use cases.

Answer : C

The Field Extractor (FX) is a tool that helps you extract fields from your events using a graphical interface or by manually editing the regular expression2.The FX allows you to create field extractions that persist as knowledge objects, which are entities that you create to add knowledge to your data and make it easier to search and analyze2.Field extractions are methods that extract fields from your raw data using various techniques such as regular expressions, delimiters or key-value pairs2.When you create a field extraction using the FX, you can save it as a knowledge object that applies to your data at search time2.You can also manage and share your field extractions with other users in your organization2. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect because they do not describe the use of the FX.

Answer : C

The eval command is used to create new fields or modify existing fields based on an expression2.The sort command is used to sort the results by one or more fields in ascending or descending order2.If you want to convert numeric field values to strings and also sort on those values, you should use the sort command first, then use the eval command to convert the values to strings2. This way, the sort command will use the original numeric values for sorting, rather than the converted string values which may not sort correctly. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect.

Answer : B

https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/8.0.2/Search/Abouttransactions

In other cases, it's usually better to use thestatscommand, which performs more efficiently, especially in a distributed environment. Often there is a unique ID in the events andstatscan be used.

Answer : D

The correct answer is D. | eval notNULL = '''' fillnull value=0 notNULL

Option A is incorrect because it is missing a comma between the ''0'' and the notNULL in the if function. The correct syntax for the if function is if (condition, true_value, false_value).

Option B is incorrect because it is missing the false_value argument in the if function. The correct syntax for the if function is if (condition, true_value, false_value).

Option C is incorrect because it uses the nullfill command, which only replaces null values, not empty strings. The nullfill command is equivalent to fillnull value=null.

Option D is correct because it uses the eval command to assign an empty string to the notNULL field, and then uses the fillnull command to replace the empty string with a zero. The fillnull command can replace any value with a specified replacement, not just null values.

Answer : D

The correct syntax to find events associated with a tag in Splunk is tag=<value>1. So, the correct answer is D) tag=<value>. This syntax allows you to annotate specified fields in your search results with tags1.

In Splunk, tags are a type of knowledge object that you can use to add meaningful aliases to field values in your data1. For example, if you have a field called status_code in your data, you might have different status codes like 200, 404, 500, etc. You can create tags for these status codes like success for 200, not_found for 404, and server_error for 500. Then, you can use the tag command in your searches to find events associated with these tags1.

Here is an example of how you can use the tag command in a search:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field in the search results with the corresponding tags. If you have tagged the status code 200 with success, the status code 404 with not_found, and the status code 500 with server_error, the search results will include these tags1.

You can also use the tag command with a specific tag value to find events associated with that tag. For example, the following search finds all events where the status code is tagged with success:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code | search tag::status_code=success

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field with the corresponding tags, and the search command filters the results to include only events where the status_code field is tagged with success1.

Answer : A, B, C

Data model datasets have a hierarchical relationship with each other, meaning they have parent-child relationships. Data models can contain multiple dataset hierarchies. There are three types of dataset hierarchies: event, search, and transaction.

https://docs.splunk.com/Splexicon:Datamodeldataset

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. 'weekly_sales (3.99, 10)'. This is because search macros accept arguments without quotation marks or dollar signs, and the number of arguments must match the number of parameters defined in the macro. The other options are incorrect because they either use quotation marks or dollar signs around the arguments, or they provide a different number of arguments than the macro expects. You can learn more about how to use search macros in searches from the Splunk documentation1.

Answer : D

Answer : A

Answer : C

In this search, count will appear on the y-axis2.This search uses the chart command to create a chart of the count of events over host for events that have status not equal to 2002.The chart command creates a table with one column for each value of the field after the over clause and one row for each value of the field after the by clause (if any)2.The values in the table are calculated by applying the function before the over clause to the events in each group2. In this case, the chart command creates a table with one column for each host and one row for the count of events for each host. The y-axis of the chart shows the values of the count function applied to each host. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A and B are incorrect because they appear on the x-axis or as labels of the chart.

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. When events contain unstructured data.

The regular expression method works best with unstructured event data, such as log files or text messages, where the fields are not separated by a common delimiter, such as a comma or space1. You select a sample event and highlight one or more fields to extract from that event, and the field extractor generates a regular expression that matches similar events in your dataset and extracts the fields from them1. The regular expression method provides several tools for testing and refining the accuracy of the regular expression. It also allows you to manually edit the regular expression1.

The delimiters method is designed for structured event data: data from files with headers, where all of the fields in the events are separated by a common delimiter, such as a comma or space1. You select a sample event, identify the delimiter, and then rename the fields that the field extractor finds1. This method is simpler and faster than the regular expression method, but it may not work well with complex or irregular data formats1.

1: Build field extractions with the field extractor - Splunk Documentation

Answer : D

The transaction command is used to group events into transactions based on some common characteristics, such as fields, time, or both. The transaction command can also specify start and end constraints for the transactions, such as a field value that indicates the beginning or the end of a transaction. The stats command is used to calculate summary statistics on the events, such as count, sum, average, etc. The stats command cannot group events based on start and end constraints, but only on fields or time buckets. Therefore, the transaction command should be used instead of the stats command when you need to group events based on start and end constraints.

Answer : B

A field alias is a way to assign an alternative name to an existing field without changing the original field name or value2.You can use field aliases to make your field names more consistent or descriptive across different sources or sourcetypes2.When you run a search without any transforming commands in Smart Mode, Splunk automatically identifies and displays interesting fields in your results2.Interesting fields are fields that appear in at least 20 percent of events or have high variability among values2.If you have created a field alias based on an original field, both the original field name and the alias name will appear in the Interesting Fields list if they meet these criteria2.However, only one of them will appear in each event depending on which one you have specified in your search string2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect.

Answer : D

Answer : A

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Delimiters. This is because the delimiters method is designed for structured event data, such as data from files with headers, where all of the fields in the events are separated by a common delimiter, such as a comma or space. You can select a sample event, identify the delimiter, and then rename the fields that the field extractor finds. You can learn more about the delimiters method from the Splunk documentation1. The other options are incorrect because they are not suitable for comma-separated data. The regular expression method works best with unstructured event data, where you select and highlight one or more fields to extract from a sample event, and the field extractor generates a regular expression that matches similar events and extracts the fields from them. The eval expression is a command that lets you calculate new fields or modify existing fields using arithmetic, string, and logical operations. The table extraction is a feature that lets you extract tabular data from PDF files or web pages. You can learn more about these methods from the Splunk documentation23 .

Answer : C

When creating an event type in Splunk, subsearches are allowed in the search string. Subsearches enable users to perform a secondary search whose results are used as input for the main search. This functionality is useful for more complex event type definitions that require additional filtering or criteria based on another search.

Splunk Docs: About subsearches

Splunk Docs: Event type creation

Splunk Answers: Using subsearches in event types

Answer : B

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. Distributable streaming. This is because the eval command is a type of command that can run on the indexers before the results are sent to the search head. This reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred and improves the search performance. Distributable streaming commands can operate on each event or result individually, without depending on other events or results. You can learn more about the types of commands and how they affect search performance from the Splunk documentation1.

Answer : B

A space is an implied AND in a search string, which means that it acts as a logical operator that returns events that match both terms on either side of the space2.For example,status=200 method=GETwill return events that have both status=200 and method=GET2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are not implied by a space in a search string.

Topic 2, Questions Set 2

Answer : C

Field aliases in Splunk are used to map field names in event data to alternate names to make them easier to understand or consistent across datasets.

Option A (Tags): Field aliases are not directly applied to tags. Tags are used for categorizing events or field values.

Option B (Indexes): Field aliases cannot be applied to indexes. Indexes are physical storage locations for events in Splunk.

Option C (Sourcetypes): This is correct. Field aliases can be defined at the sourcetype level to ensure consistent naming across events of the same sourcetype.

Option D (Event types): Event types are saved searches, and field aliases do not apply here directly.

Splunk Docs: Field Aliases

Answer : B

A POST workflow action in Splunk is designed to send data to an external web service by using HTTP POST requests. This type of workflow action can pass a combination of clear text strings and variables derived from the search results or event data. The clear text strings might include static text or predefined values, while the variables are dynamic elements that represent specific fields or values extracted from the Splunk events. This flexibility allows for constructing detailed and context-specific requests to external systems, enabling various integration and automation scenarios. The POST request can include both types of data, making it versatile for different use cases.

Answer : B

A Search workflow action is the appropriate choice when a user wants to retrieve a specific field value from an event and run a search in a new browser window within their Splunk instance (Option B). This type of workflow action allows users to define a search that utilizes field values from selected events as parameters, enabling more detailed investigation or context-specific analysis based on the original search results.

Answer : B

The stats command is used to calculate summary statistics for your search results such as count, sum, avg, min, max and more2.The stats command supports various functions that you can use to perform calculations on your fields2.However, addtotals is not a stats function but a separate command that adds a row or column with the total of the values in each group2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are valid stats functions.

Answer : D

Data model attributes are fields that are added to a dataset from search time field extractions, calculated fields, lookups, or aliases. They can be created within the data model editor or inherited from a parent dataset. They can be edited or removed unless they are required by the data model. They can be added to any type of dataset, not just root search datasets. Reference SeeAbout data models, [Define data model attributes], and [Edit data model datasets] in the Splunk Documentation.

Answer : A

Answer : A

The Common Information Model (CIM) add-on in Splunk applies preconfigured data models to data at search time. This means that when a search is executed, the CIM add-on uses its predefined data models to normalize and map the relevant data to a common format. This approach ensures that data is interpreted and analyzed consistently across various datasets without modifying the data at index time.

Splunk Docs: About the Common Information Model

Splunk Answers: CIM Add-on Data Models

Answer : B

The timechart command buckets data in time intervals depending on the selected time range2.The timechart command is similar to the chart command but it automatically groups events into time buckets based on the _time field2. The size of the time buckets depends on the time range that you select for your search. For example, if you select Last 24 hours as your time range, Splunk will use 30-minute buckets for your timechart.If you select Last 7 days as your time range, Splunk will use 4-hour buckets for your timechart2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A and C are incorrect because they are not factors that affect the size of the time buckets.

Answer : A

Answer : A

Field aliases in Splunk are alternate names assigned to fields. These can be particularly useful for normalizing data from different sources or simply for making field names more intuitive. Once an alias is created for a field, it can be used across various Splunk knowledge objects, enhancing their flexibility and utility.

A . Calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags: This is the correct answer. Field aliases can indeed be referenced in calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags within Splunk. When you create an alias for a field, that alias can then be used in these knowledge objects just like any standard field name.

Calculated fields: These are expressions that can create new field values based on existing data. You can use an alias in a calculated field expression to refer to the original field.

Lookups: These are used to enrich your event data by referencing external data sources. If you've created an alias for a field that matches a field in your lookup table, you can use that alias in your lookup configurations.

Event types: These are classifications for events that meet certain search criteria. You can use field aliases in the search criteria for defining an event type.

Tags: These allow you to assign meaningful labels to data, making it easier to search and report on. You can use field aliases in the search criteria that you tag.

Answer : A, B, D

The search below groups events by two or more fields (clientip and host), creates transactions with start and end constraints (maxspan=30s and maxpause=5s), and calculates the duration of each transaction.

index=main | transaction clientip host maxspan=30s maxpause=5s

The search does the following:

It filters the events by the index main, which is a default index in Splunk that contains all data that is not sent to other indexes.

It uses the transaction command to group events into transactions based on two fields: clientip and host. The transaction command creates new events from groups of events that share the same clientip and host values.

It specifies the start and end constraints for the transactions using the maxspan and maxpause arguments. The maxspan argument sets the maximum time span between the first and last events in a transaction. The maxpause argument sets the maximum time span between any two consecutive events in a transaction. In this case, the maxspan is 30 seconds and the maxpause is 5 seconds, meaning that any transaction that has a longer time span or pause will be split into multiple transactions.

It creates some additional fields for each transaction, such as duration, eventcount, startime, etc. The duration field shows the time span between the first and last events in a transaction.

Answer : A, B, C

The Common Information Model (CIM) is a methodology for normalizing data from different sources and making it easier to analyze and report on it3.The CIM defines a common set of fields and tags for various domains such as Alerts, Email, Database, Network Traffic, Web and more3.One of the statements that describe the CIM is that it is a methodology for normalizing data, which means that it provides a standard way to name and structure data from different sources so that they can be compared and correlated3. Therefore, option A is correct.Another statement that describes the CIM is that it can correlate data from different sources, which means that it enables you to run searches and reports across data from different sources that share common fields and tags3. Therefore, option B is correct.Another statement that describes the CIM is that the Knowledge Manager uses the CIM to create knowledge objects, which means that the person who is responsible for creating and managing knowledge objects such as data models, field aliases, tags and event types can use the CIM as a guide to make their knowledge objects consistent and compatible with other apps and add-ons3. Therefore, option C is correct. Option D is incorrect because it does not describe the CIM but rather one of its components.

Answer : A

A data model that has been accelerated can be used with Pivot, the | tstats command, or the | datamodel command (Option A). Acceleration pre-computes and stores results for quicker access, enhancing the performance of searches and analyses that utilize the data model, especially for large datasets. This makes accelerated data models highly efficient for use in various analytical tools and commands within Splunk.

Answer : B

The transaction command is used to group events that share a common value for one or more fields into transactions2.The transaction command assigns a transaction ID to each group of events and creates new fields such as duration, eventcount and eventlist for each transaction2.To identify all of the contributing events within a transaction that contains at least one REJECT event, you can use the following syntax:index=main | transaction sessionid | search REJECT2.This search will first group the events by sessionid, then filter out the transactions that do not contain REJECT in any of their events2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct syntax for using the transaction command or the search command.

Answer : B

The chart command with sum(price) by product, region will return a table where the total revenue (price) is aggregated (sum) for each product and sales region. This is the correct way to aggregate data in Splunk.

Splunk Docs - chart command

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Delimiters. This is because the delimiters method is designed for structured event data, such as data from files with headers, where all of the fields in the events are separated by a common delimiter, such as a comma or space. You can select a sample event, identify the delimiter, and then rename the fields that the field extractor finds. You can learn more about the delimiters method from the Splunk documentation1. The other options are incorrect because they are not suitable for comma-separated data. The regular expression method works best with unstructured event data, where you select and highlight one or more fields to extract from a sample event, and the field extractor generates a regular expression that matches similar events and extracts the fields from them. The eval expression is a command that lets you calculate new fields or modify existing fields using arithmetic, string, and logical operations. The table extraction is a feature that lets you extract tabular data from PDF files or web pages. You can learn more about these methods from the Splunk documentation23 .

Answer : D

The transaction command is used to group events into transactions based on some common characteristics, such as fields, time, or both. The transaction command can also specify start and end constraints for the transactions, such as a field value that indicates the beginning or the end of a transaction. The stats command is used to calculate summary statistics on the events, such as count, sum, average, etc. The stats command cannot group events based on start and end constraints, but only on fields or time buckets. Therefore, the transaction command should be used instead of the stats command when you need to group events based on start and end constraints.

Answer : D

A report is a way to save a search and its results in a format that you can reuse and share with others2.A report is also a type of knowledge object, which is an entity that you create to add knowledge to your data and make it easier to search and analyze2. Therefore, option A is correct.A report can be scheduled, which means that you can configure it to run at regular intervals and send the results to yourself or others via email or other methods2. Therefore, option B is correct.A report can run a script, which means that you can specify a script file to execute when the report runs and use it to perform custom actions or integrations2. Therefore, option C is correct. Therefore, option D is correct because all of the above statements are true for reports.

Answer : C

One of the valid options to speed up reports is to edit acceleration, which means that you can enable summary indexing or data model acceleration for your reports to improve their performance2.Summary indexing allows you to create reports that run over large amounts of data by storing the results of scheduled searches in a summary index and using that index for faster reporting2.Data model acceleration allows you to create reports that use data models by creating and storing summaries of the data model datasets and using them for faster reporting2. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect because they are not options to speed up reports.

Answer : B, C, D

The timeline is a graphical representation of your search results that shows the distribution of events over time2.You can use the timeline to zoom in or out of a specific time range or to select one or more bars on the timeline to filter your results by that time range2.However, these actions will not re-run the search, but rather refine the existing results based on the selected time range2. Therefore, options B, C and D are correct, while option A is incorrect because zooming out will re-run the search with a broader time range.

Answer : B

The correct way to execute the macro in a search string is to use the formatmacro_name($arg1$, $arg2$, ...)where$arg1$,$arg2$, etc. are the arguments for the macro. In this case, the macro name isconvert_salesand it takes three arguments:currency,symbol, andrate. The arguments are enclosed in dollar signs and separated by commas. Therefore, the correct way to execute the macro isconvert_sales($euro$, $$, .79).

Answer : B

'Calculated fields can reference all types of field extractions and field aliasing, but they cannot reference lookups, event types, or tags.'

Answer : A, B, D

When you mouse over and click to add a search term from the Fields sidebar or from an event in your search results, Splunk automatically adds the term to your search string with an implied AND operator2. However, this does not apply to some Boolean operators such as OR, NOT and parentheses ().These operators are not implied when you add a search term and you have to type them manually if you want to use them in your search string2. Therefore, options A, B and D are correct, while option C is incorrect because AND is implied when you add a search term.

Answer : B

The transaction and stats commands are two ways to group events from one or more data sources based on common fields or time ranges. The transaction command creates a single event out of a group of related events, while the stats command calculates summary statistics over a group of events. The eval and coalesce commands are used to create or combine fields, not to group events. The format command is used to format the results of a subsearch, not to group events.The top and rare commands are used to rank the most or least common values of a field, not to group events23

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.3: Splunk Documentation, stats command.

Answer : B

Answer : D

Highlighted search terms indicate matching search results in Splunk, which means that they show which parts of your events match your search string2.For example, if you search forerror OR fail, Splunk will highlight error or fail in your events to show which events match your search string2. Therefore, option D is correct, while options A, B and C are incorrect because they are not indicated by highlighted search terms.

Answer : C

Answer : C

This search will run the third_party_outages macro and pass the arguments EMEA and -24h to the macro definition. A search macro is a reusable chunk of SPL that can be inserted into other searches. A search macro can take arguments that are used to resolve the search string at execution time. The syntax for using a search macro ismacro_name (argument1, argument2, ...). Reference SeeUse search macros in searchesandSearch macro examplesin the Splunk Documentation.

Answer : A

Answer : B

Answer : B

Answer : B

The correct command to show the total bytes for each unique combination of page and server isindex=web | stats sum (bytes) BY page server. In Splunk, thestatscommand is used to calculate aggregate statistics over the dataset, such as count, sum, avg, etc. When using theBYclause, it groups the results by the specified fields. The correct syntax does not include commas or the word 'AND' between the field names. Instead, it simply lists the field names separated by spaces within theBYclause.

Reference: The usage of thestatscommand with theBYclause is confirmed by examples in the Splunk Community, where it's explained thatstatswith aby foo barwill output one row for every unique combination of thebyfields1.

Answer : C

The fillnull command in Splunk is used to replace null (missing) field values with a specified value.

Explanation of options:

A: Incorrect, as fillnull does not set fields to null; it fills null values with a specific value.

B: Incorrect, as the command only affects the specified field (src in this case).

C: Correct, as the fillnull command explicitly sets null values in the src field to 'Unknown'.

D: Incorrect, as only the src field is affected, not all fields.

Example:

If the src field is null for some events, fillnull will populate 'Unknown' in those cases.

Answer : B

The Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) add-on helps you normalize your data from different sources and make it easier to analyze and report on it3.One of the functionalities that the CIM add-on relies on to normalize fields with different names is field aliases3.Field aliases allow you to assign an alternative name to an existing field without changing the original field name or value2.By using field aliases, you can map different field names from different sources or sourcetypes to a common field name that conforms to the CIM standard3. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect.

Answer : A, B, C, D

Data model fields are fields that describe the attributes of a dataset in a data model2.Data model fields can be added using various methods such as Auto-Extracted, Evaluated or Lookup2.Auto-Extracted fields are fields that are automatically extracted from your raw data using various techniques such as regular expressions, delimiters or key-value pairs2.Auto-Extracted fields can be hidden in Pivot, which means that you can choose whether to display them or not in the Pivot interface2. Therefore, option A is correct.Auto-Extracted fields can have their data type changed, which means that you can specify whether they are strings, numbers, booleans or timestamps2. Therefore, option B is correct.Auto-Extracted fields can be given a friendly name for use in Pivot, which means that you can assign an alternative name to them that is more descriptive or user-friendly than the original field name2. Therefore, option C is correct.Auto-Extracted fields can be added if they already exist in the dataset with constraints, which means that you can include them in your data model even if they are already extracted from your raw data by applying filters or constraints to limit the scope of your dataset2. Therefore, option D is correct.

Answer : A

The type of workflow action that sends field values to an external resource (e.g. a ticketing system) is POST. A POST workflow action allows you to send a POST request to a URI location with field values or static values as arguments. For example, you can use a POST workflow action to create a ticket in an external system with information from an event.

Answer : D

The maxspan function of the transaction command allows you to set the maximum total time between the earliest and latest events returned. The maxspan function is an argument that can be used with the transaction command to specify the start and end constraints for the transactions. The maxspan function takes a time modifier as its value, such as 30s, 5m, 1h, etc. The maxspan function sets the maximum time span between the first and last events in a transaction. If the time span between the first and last events exceeds the maxspan value, the transaction will be split into multiple transactions.

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. Product, count: addtocart, count: remove, count: purchase, sum: addtocart, sum: remove, sum: purchase1.

In Splunk, the chart command is used to create a table or a chart visualization from your data2. The chart command takes at least one function and one field, and optionally another field to group by2.

In the given search, the chart command is used with two functions (count and sum), two fields (domain and price), and two fields to group by (product and action). The usenull=f and useother=f options are used to exclude null values and other values from the chart2.

The chart command creates a table with headers that match the order of the fields and functions in the command1. The headers for the count function are prefixed with count:, and the headers for the sum function are prefixed with sum:1. The values of the product and action fields are used as the suffixes for the headers1.

Therefore, the table headers created by this command are Product, count: addtocart, count: remove, count: purchase, sum: addtocart, sum: remove, and sum: purchase1.

Answer : A

Selected fields are fields that you choose to display in your search results by clicking on them in the Fields sidebar or by using the fields command2.Selected fields are displayed below each event in the search results, along with their values2. Therefore, option A is correct, while options B, C and D are incorrect because they are not places where selected fields are displayed.

Answer : A

A pivot is a tool that allows you to create reports and dashboards using data models without writing any SPL commands2.You can use pivots to explore, filter, split and visualize your data using a graphical interface2.Pivots are designed for users who want to analyze and report on their data without having to learn the SPL syntax or the underlying structure of the data2. Therefore, option A is correct, while options B, C and D are incorrect because they are not the typical group of users who would use pivots.

Answer : D

The CIM Add-on manual contains the descriptions of the data models that come with the Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) Add-on, as well as how to set up, use, and customize the add-on.

Reference

CIM Add-on manual

Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) | Splunkbase

Understand and use the Common Information Model Add-on - Splunk

Answer : B

A Search workflow action is the appropriate choice when a user wants to retrieve a specific field value from an event and run a search in a new browser window within their Splunk instance (Option B). This type of workflow action allows users to define a search that utilizes field values from selected events as parameters, enabling more detailed investigation or context-specific analysis based on the original search results.

Answer : B

If a search returns statistics, it can be viewed as a chart2.Statistics are tabular data that show the relationship between two or more fields2.You can create statistics by using commands such as stats, chart or timechart2.You can view statistics as a chart by selecting the Visualization tab in the Search app and choosing a chart type such as column, line or pie2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are not types of data that can be viewed as a chart.

Answer : A

A macro is a way to save a segment of a search string as a variable and reuse it in other searches2.A macro can be followed by a pipe, which is a symbol that separates commands in a search pipeline2.A pipe may always follow a macro, regardless of who owns the macro, where the macro is defined or how the macro is shared2.For example, if you have a macro called us_sales that returns events from the US region, you can use it in a search like this:us_sales | stats sum(price) by product2.This search will use the macro to filter the events and then calculate the total price for each product2. Therefore, option A is correct, while options B, C and D are incorrect because they are not conditions that affect whether a pipe can follow a macro.

Answer : A

Answer : C

This search will run the third_party_outages macro and pass the arguments EMEA and -24h to the macro definition. A search macro is a reusable chunk of SPL that can be inserted into other searches. A search macro can take arguments that are used to resolve the search string at execution time. The syntax for using a search macro ismacro_name (argument1, argument2, ...). Reference SeeUse search macros in searchesandSearch macro examplesin the Splunk Documentation.

Answer : A, B

Splunk alerts can be based on searches that run in real-time or on a regular schedule3.An alert is a way to monitor your data and get notified when certain conditions are met3.You can create an alert by specifying a search and a triggering condition3.You can also specify how often you want to run the search and how you want to receive the alert notifications3.You can run the alert search in real-time, which means that it continuously monitors your data as it streams into Splunk3.Alternatively, you can run the alert search on a regular schedule, which means that it runs at fixed intervals such as every hour or every day3. Therefore, options A and B are correct, while option C is incorrect because it is not a way to run an alert search.

Answer : A, B, C

The Common Information Model (CIM) is a methodology for normalizing data from different sources and making it easier to analyze and report on it3.The CIM defines a common set of fields and tags for various domains such as Alerts, Email, Database, Network Traffic, Web and more3.One of the statements that describe the CIM is that it is a methodology for normalizing data, which means that it provides a standard way to name and structure data from different sources so that they can be compared and correlated3. Therefore, option A is correct.Another statement that describes the CIM is that it can correlate data from different sources, which means that it enables you to run searches and reports across data from different sources that share common fields and tags3. Therefore, option B is correct.Another statement that describes the CIM is that the Knowledge Manager uses the CIM to create knowledge objects, which means that the person who is responsible for creating and managing knowledge objects such as data models, field aliases, tags and event types can use the CIM as a guide to make their knowledge objects consistent and compatible with other apps and add-ons3. Therefore, option C is correct. Option D is incorrect because it does not describe the CIM but rather one of its components.

Answer : A

The correct answer is A. startswith.

The explanation is as follows:

The transaction command is used to find transactions based on events that meet various constraints12.

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member1.

The startswith option is used to define the first event in a transaction by specifying a search term or an expression that matches the event13.

For example, | transaction clientip JSESSIONID startswith='view' will create transactions based on the clientip and JSESSIONID fields, and the first event in each transaction will contain the term ''view'' in the _raw field2.

Answer : D

The search command is used to filter or refine your search results based on a search string that matches the events2.The search command behaves exactly like search strings before the first pipe, which means that you can use the same syntax and operators as you would use in the initial part of your search2. Therefore, option D is correct, while options A, B and C are incorrect because they are not true statements about the search command.

Answer : D

Answer : D

Answer : A

A calculated field in Splunk is created using an eval expression, which allows users to perform calculations or transformations on field values during search time.

Splunk Docs - Calculated fields

Answer : C

The correct answer is C. A macro is a portion of a search that can be reused in multiple places.

A macro is a way to reuse a piece of SPL code in different searches. A macro can be any part of a search, such as an eval statement or a search term, and does not need to be a complete command. A macro can also take arguments, which are variables that can be replaced by different values when the macro is called. A macro can also contain another macro within it, which is called a nested macro1.

To create a macro, you need to define its name, definition, arguments, and description in the Settings > Advanced Search > Search Macros page in Splunk Web or in the macros.conf file. To use a macro in a search, you need to enclose the macro name in backtick characters (`) and provide values for the arguments if any1.

For example, if you have a macro named my_macro that takes one argument named object and has the following definition:

search sourcetype= object

You can use it in a search by writing:

my_macro(web)

This will expand the macro and run the following SPL code:

search sourcetype=web

The benefits of using macros are that they can simplify complex searches, reduce errors, improve readability, and promote consistency1.

The other options are not correct because they describe other types of knowledge objects in Splunk, not macros. These objects are:

A) An event type is a method of categorizing events based on a search. An event type assigns a label to events that match a specific search criteria. Event types can be used to filter and group events, create alerts, or generate reports2.

B) A field alias is a way to associate an additional (new) name with an existing field name. A field alias can be used to normalize fields from different sources that have different names but represent the same data. Field aliases can also be used to rename fields for clarity or convenience3.

D) An alert is a knowledge object that enables you to schedule searches for specific events and trigger actions when certain conditions are met. An alert can be used to monitor your data for anomalies, errors, or other patterns of interest and notify you or others when they occur4.

About event types

About field aliases

About alerts

Define search macros in Settings

Use search macros in searches

Answer : B

A calculated field is a field that you create based on the value of another field or fields1.You can use calculated fields to enrich your data with additional information or to transform your data into a more useful format1.Calculated fields can be based on extracted fields, which are fields that are extracted from your raw data using various methods such as regular expressions, delimiters, or key-value pairs1. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because tags, output fields for a lookup, and fields generated from a search string are not types of extracted fields.

Answer : A, C, D

As mentioned before, an event type is a way to categorize events based on a search string that matches the events2.Event types can be tagged, which means that you can apply descriptive labels to event types and use them in your searches2. Therefore, option A is correct.Event types categorize events based on a search string, which means that you can define an event type by specifying a search string that matches the events you want to include in the event type2. Therefore, option C is correct.Event types can be a useful method for capturing and sharing knowledge, which means that you can use event types to organize your data into meaningful categories and share them with other users in your organization2. Therefore, option D is correct.Event types do not have to include a time range, which means that you can create an event type without specifying a time range for the events2. Therefore, option B is incorrect.

Answer : C

Thetransactioncommand is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints .

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member .

Thetransactioncommand groups events together by matching one or more fields that have the same value across the events . For example,| transaction clientipwill group events that have the same value in theclientipfield.

Answer : B

When using a field value variable with a Workflow Action, the exclamation mark (!) will escape the data. A Workflow Action is a custom action that performs a task when you click on a field value in your search results. A Workflow Action can be configured with various options, such as label name, base URL, URI parameters, post arguments, app context, etc. A field value variable is a placeholder for the field value that will be used to replace the variable in the URL or post argument of the Workflow Action. A field value variable is written as fieldname, where field_name is the name of the field whose value will be used. However, if the field value contains special characters that need to be escaped, such as spaces, commas, etc., you can use the exclamation mark (!) before and after the field value variable to escape the data. For example, if you have a field value variable host, you can write it as !$host! to escape any special characters in the host field value.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Answer : C

Answer : C

The following search would create a graph similar to the one below:

index_internal sourcetype=Savesplunker | fields sourcetype, status | transaction status maxspan=1d | timechart count by status

The search does the following:

It uses index_internal to specify the internal index that contains Splunk logs and metrics.

It uses sourcetype=Savesplunker to filter events by the sourcetype that indicates the Splunk Enterprise Security app.

It uses fields sourcetype, status to keep only the sourcetype and status fields in the events.

It uses transaction status maxspan=1d to group events into transactions based on the status field with a maximum time span of one day between the first and last events in a transaction.

It uses timechart count by status to create a time-based chart that shows the count of transactions for each status value over time.

The graph shows the following:

It is a line graph with two lines, one yellow and one blue.

The x-axis is labeled with dates from Wed, Apr 4, 2018 to Tue, Apr 10, 2018.

The y-axis is labeled with numbers from 0 to 15.

The yellow line represents ''shipped'' and the blue line represents ''success''.

The yellow line has a steady increase from 0 to 15, while the blue line has a sharp increase from 0 to 5, then a decrease to 0, and then a sharp increase to 10.

The graph is titled ''Type''.

Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Answer : C, D

Event types are custom categories of events that are based on search criteria. Event types can be used to label events with meaningful names, such as error, success, login, logout, etc. Event types can also be used to create transactions, alerts, reports, dashboards, etc. Event types can be created in two ways:

By going to the Settings menu and clicking Event Types > New. This will open a form where you can enter the name, description, search string, app context, and tags for the event type.

By selecting an event in search results and clicking Event Actions > Build Event Type. This will open a dialog box where you can enter the name and description for the event type. The search string will be automatically populated based on the selected event.

Event types cannot be created by using the searchtypes command in the search bar, as this command does not exist in Splunk. Event types can also be created by editing the event_type stanza in the transforms.conf file, not the props.conf file.

Answer : D

The correct syntax to find events associated with a tag in Splunk is tag=<value>1. So, the correct answer is D) tag=<value>. This syntax allows you to annotate specified fields in your search results with tags1.

In Splunk, tags are a type of knowledge object that you can use to add meaningful aliases to field values in your data1. For example, if you have a field called status_code in your data, you might have different status codes like 200, 404, 500, etc. You can create tags for these status codes like success for 200, not_found for 404, and server_error for 500. Then, you can use the tag command in your searches to find events associated with these tags1.

Here is an example of how you can use the tag command in a search:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field in the search results with the corresponding tags. If you have tagged the status code 200 with success, the status code 404 with not_found, and the status code 500 with server_error, the search results will include these tags1.

You can also use the tag command with a specific tag value to find events associated with that tag. For example, the following search finds all events where the status code is tagged with success:

index=main sourcetype=access_combined | tag status_code | search tag::status_code=success

In this search, the tag command annotates the status_code field with the corresponding tags, and the search command filters the results to include only events where the status_code field is tagged with success1.

Answer : C

Answer : A, C, D

The following commands are used when creating visualizations: geom, geostats, and iplocation. Visualizations are graphical representations of data that show trends, patterns, or comparisons. Visualizations can have different types, such as charts, tables, maps, etc. Visualizations can be created by using various commands that transform the data into a suitable format for the visualization type. Some of the commands that are used when creating visualizations are:

geom: This command is used to create choropleth maps that show geographic regions with different colors based on some metric. The geom command takes a KMZ file as an argument that defines the geographic regions and their boundaries. The geom command also takes a field name as an argument that specifies the metric to use for coloring the regions.

geostats: This command is used to create cluster maps that show groups of events with different sizes and colors based on some metric. The geostats command takes a latitude and longitude field as arguments that specify the location of the events. The geostats command also takes a statistical function as an argument that specifies the metric to use for sizing and coloring the clusters.

iplocation: This command is used to create location-based visualizations that show events with different attributes based on their IP addresses. The iplocation command takes an IP address field as an argument and adds some additional fields to the events, such as Country, City, Latitude, Longitude, etc. The iplocation command can be used with other commands such as geom or geostats to create maps based on IP addresses.

Answer : A

https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/8.0.2/Knowledge/SetupaGETworkflowaction

Define a GET workflow action

Steps

Navigate toSettings > Fields > Workflow Actions.

ClickNewto open up a new workflow action form.

Define aLabelfor the action.

TheLabelfield enables you to define the text that is displayed in either the field or event workflow menu. Labels can be static or include the value of relevant fields.

Determine whether the workflow action applies to specific fields or event types in your data.

UseApply only to the following fieldsto identify one or more fields. When you identify fields, the workflow action only appears for events that have those fields, either in their event menu or field menus. If you leave it blank or enter an asterisk the action appears in menus for all fields.

UseApply only to the following event typesto identify one or more event types. If you identify an event type, the workflow action only appears in the event menus for events that belong to the event type.

ForShow action indetermine whether you want the action to appear in theEvent menu, theFields menus, orBoth.

SetAction typetolink.

InURIprovide a URI for the location of the external resource that you want to send your field values to.

Similar to theLabelsetting, when you declare the value of a field, you use the name of the field enclosed by dollar signs.

Variables passed in GET actions via URIs are automaticallyURL encodedduring transmission. This means you can include values that have spaces between words or punctuation characters.

UnderOpen link in, determine whether the workflow action displays in the current window or if it opens the link in a new window.

Set theLink methodtoget.

ClickSaveto save your workflow action definition.

Answer : B

In Splunk, a field alias is used to create an alternative name for an existing field, making it easier to refer to data in a consistent manner across different searches and reports. Field aliases can be applied to both calculated fields and extracted fields. Calculated fields are those that are created using eval expressions, while extracted fields are typically those parsed from the raw data at index time or search time. This flexibility allows users to streamline their searches by using more intuitive field names without altering the underlying data. Field aliases cannot be applied to data in a lookup table, specific individual fields within a dataset, or directly to a host, source, or sourcetype.

Answer : B, D

The following statements about tags are true: tags are based on field/value pairs and tags categorize events based on a search. Tags are custom labels that can be applied to fields or field values to provide additional context or meaning for your data. Tags can be used to filter or analyze your data based on common concepts or themes. Tags can be created by using various methods, such as search commands, configuration files, user interfaces, etc. Some of the characteristics of tags are:

Tags are based on field/value pairs: This means that tags are associated with a specific field name and a specific field value. For example, you can create a tag called ''alert'' for the field name ''status'' and the field value ''critical''. This means that only events that have status=critical will have the ''alert'' tag applied to them.

Tags categorize events based on a search: This means that tags are defined by a search string that matches the events that you want to tag. For example, you can create a tag called ''web'' for the search string sourcetype=access_combined. This means that only events that match the search string sourcetype=access_combined will have the ''web'' tag applied to them.

The following statements about tags are false: tags are case-insensitive and tags are designed to make data more understandable. Tags are case-sensitive and tags are designed to make data more searchable. Tags are case-sensitive: This means that tags must match the exact case of the field name and field value that they are associated with. For example, if you create a tag called ''alert'' for the field name ''status'' and the field value ''critical'', it will not apply to events that have status=CRITICAL or Status=critical. Tags are designed to make data more searchable: This means that tags can help you find relevant events or patterns in your data by using common concepts or themes. For example, if you create a tag called ''web'' for the search string sourcetype=access_combined, you can use tag=web to find all events related to web activity.

Answer : B

Answer : B

Normalize your data for each of these fields using a combination of field aliases, field extractions, and lookups.

https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/CIM/4.15.0/User/UsetheCIMtonormalizedataatsearchtime

Answer : D

The correct answer is D. limit=0. This is because the limit argument specifies the maximum number of series to display in the chart. If you set limit=0, no series filtering occurs and all values are returned. You can learn more about the limit argument and how it works with the agg argument from the Splunk documentation1. The other options are incorrect because they are not valid values for the limit argument. The limit argument expects an integer value, not a string or a wildcard. You can learn more about the syntax and usage of the timechart command from the Splunk documentation23.

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. Reusable pieces of search processing language.

The explanation is as follows:

Search macros are knowledge objects that allow you to insert chunks of SPL into other searches12.

Search macros can be any part of a search, such as an eval statement or a search term, and do not need to be a complete command12.

You can also specify whether the macro field takes any arguments and define validation expressions for them12.

Search macros can help you make your SPL searches shorter and easier to understand3.

To use a search macro in a search string, you need to put a backtick character () before and after the macro name[^1^][1]. For example, mymacro`.

Answer : A

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. The value for the productName field because it appears first.

The coalesce function is an eval function that takes an arbitrary number of arguments and returns the first value that is not null. A null value means that the field has no value at all, while an empty value means that the field has a value, but it is '''' or zero-length1.

The coalesce function can be used to combine fields that have different names but represent the same data, such as IP address or user name. The coalesce function can also be used to rename fields for clarity or convenience2.

The syntax for the coalesce function is:

coalesce(<field1>,<field2>,...)

The coalesce function will return the value of the first field that is not null in the argument list. If all fields are null, the coalesce function will return null.

For example, if you have a set of events where the IP address is extracted to either clientip or ipaddress, you can use the coalesce function to define a new field called ip, that takes the value of either clientip or ipaddress, depending on which is not null:

| eval ip=coalesce(clientip,ipaddress)

In your example, you have a set of events where the product name is extracted to either productName or productid, and you use the coalesce function to define a new field called productINFO, that takes the value of either productName or productid, depending on which is not null:

| eval productINFO=coalesce(productName,productid)

If both productName and productid fields have values for a given event, the coalesce function will return the value of the productName field because it appears first in the argument list. The productid field will be ignored by the coalesce function.

Therefore, the value for the productName field will be used to populate the productINFO field if both fields have values for a given event.

Search Command> Coalesce

USAGE OF SPLUNK EVAL FUNCTION : COALESCE

Answer : B

The transaction and stats commands are two ways to group events from one or more data sources based on common fields or time ranges. The transaction command creates a single event out of a group of related events, while the stats command calculates summary statistics over a group of events. The eval and coalesce commands are used to create or combine fields, not to group events. The format command is used to format the results of a subsearch, not to group events.The top and rare commands are used to rank the most or least common values of a field, not to group events23

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.3: Splunk Documentation, stats command.

Answer : B

After manually editing a regular expression (regex) that was created using the Field Extractor (FX) UI, it is no longer possible to edit the field extraction in the FX UI. The FX UI is a tool that helps you extract fields from your data using delimiters or regular expressions. The FX UI can generate a regex for you based on your selection of sample values or you can enter your own regex in the FX UI. However, if you edit the regex manually in the props.conf file, the FX UI will not be able to recognize the changes and will not let you edit the field extraction in the FX UI anymore. You will have to use the props.conf file to make any further changes to the field extraction. Changes made manually cannot be reverted in the FX UI, as the FX UI does not keep track of the changes made in the props.conf file. It is possible to manually edit a regex that was created using the FX UI, as long as you do it in the props.conf file.

Therefore, only statement B is true about manually editing a regex.

Answer : B

The search string below returns events from the data model named Application_State.

| datamodel Application_State All_Application_State search

The search string does the following:

It uses the datamodel command to access a data model in Splunk. The datamodel command takes two arguments: the name of the data model and the name of the dataset within the data model.

It specifies the name of the data model as Application_State. This is a predefined data model in Splunk that contains information about web applications.

It specifies the name of the dataset as All_Application_State. This is a root dataset in the data model that contains all events from all child datasets.

It uses the search command to filter and transform the events from the dataset. The search command can use any search criteria or command to modify the results.

Therefore, the search string returns events from the data model named Application_State.

Answer : A

The data model command allows you to run searches on data models that have been accelerated1.The syntax for using the data model command is| datamodel <model_name> <dataset_name> [search <search_string>]1. Therefore, option A is the correct way to use the data model command to search fields in the data model within the web dataset. Options B and C are incorrect because they do not follow the syntax for the data model command. Option D is incorrect because it does not use the data model command at all.

Answer : C

The eval command is used to create new fields or modify existing fields based on an expression2.The sort command is used to sort the results by one or more fields in ascending or descending order2.If you want to convert numeric field values to strings and also sort on those values, you should use the sort command first, then use the eval command to convert the values to strings2. This way, the sort command will use the original numeric values for sorting, rather than the converted string values which may not sort correctly. Therefore, option C is correct, while options A, B and D are incorrect.

Answer : B, D

Hello, this is Bing. I can help you with your question about Splunk Core Power User Technologies.

The correct answers are B. duration and D. transaction id.

The explanation is as follows:

The transaction command is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints12.

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member12.

The transaction command adds some fields to the raw events that are part of the transaction123. These fields are:

duration: The difference, in seconds, between the timestamps for the first and last events in the transaction123.

eventcount: The number of events in the transaction123.

transaction_id: A unique identifier for each transaction3. This field is useful for filtering or joining transactions3.

Therefore, the fields that the transaction command adds to the raw events are duration and transaction_id, which are options B and D in your question.

Answer : C

Answer : B

The stats command is used to calculate summary statistics for your search results such as count, sum, avg, min, max and more2.The stats command supports various functions that you can use to perform calculations on your fields2.However, addtotals is not a stats function but a separate command that adds a row or column with the total of the values in each group2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A, C and D are incorrect because they are valid stats functions.

Answer : C

Answer : A

The transaction command groups events that share a common value in a specified field, such as JSESSIONID, and that occur within a specified time range. The search command filters the results to show only the events that match the given value of JSESSIONID.This search groups the events by JSESSIONID and then shows only the events that have the value SD462K101C2F267 for JSESSIONID2

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.

Answer : A, B, C

Data model datasets have a hierarchical relationship with each other, meaning they have parent-child relationships. Data models can contain multiple dataset hierarchies. There are three types of dataset hierarchies: event, search, and transaction.

https://docs.splunk.com/Splexicon:Datamodeldataset

Answer : B

The correct command to show the total bytes for each unique combination of page and server isindex=web | stats sum (bytes) BY page server. In Splunk, thestatscommand is used to calculate aggregate statistics over the dataset, such as count, sum, avg, etc. When using theBYclause, it groups the results by the specified fields. The correct syntax does not include commas or the word 'AND' between the field names. Instead, it simply lists the field names separated by spaces within theBYclause.

Reference: The usage of thestatscommand with theBYclause is confirmed by examples in the Splunk Community, where it's explained thatstatswith aby foo barwill output one row for every unique combination of thebyfields1.

Answer : A, B, D

When you mouse over and click to add a search term from the Fields sidebar or from an event in your search results, Splunk automatically adds the term to your search string with an implied AND operator2. However, this does not apply to some Boolean operators such as OR, NOT and parentheses ().These operators are not implied when you add a search term and you have to type them manually if you want to use them in your search string2. Therefore, options A, B and D are correct, while option C is incorrect because AND is implied when you add a search term.

Answer : C

Answer : B

The timechart command buckets data in time intervals depending on the selected time range2.The timechart command is similar to the chart command but it automatically groups events into time buckets based on the _time field2. The size of the time buckets depends on the time range that you select for your search. For example, if you select Last 24 hours as your time range, Splunk will use 30-minute buckets for your timechart.If you select Last 7 days as your time range, Splunk will use 4-hour buckets for your timechart2. Therefore, option B is correct, while options A and C are incorrect because they are not factors that affect the size of the time buckets.

Answer : B

The correct answer is B. The value for the productName field because it appears first.

The coalesce function is an eval function that takes an arbitrary number of arguments and returns the first value that is not null. A null value means that the field has no value at all, while an empty value means that the field has a value, but it is '''' or zero-length1.

The coalesce function can be used to combine fields that have different names but represent the same data, such as IP address or user name. The coalesce function can also be used to rename fields for clarity or convenience2.

The syntax for the coalesce function is:

coalesce(<field1>,<field2>,...)

The coalesce function will return the value of the first field that is not null in the argument list. If all fields are null, the coalesce function will return null.

For example, if you have a set of events where the IP address is extracted to either clientip or ipaddress, you can use the coalesce function to define a new field called ip, that takes the value of either clientip or ipaddress, depending on which is not null:

| eval ip=coalesce(clientip,ipaddress)

In your example, you have a set of events where the product name is extracted to either productName or productid, and you use the coalesce function to define a new field called productINFO, that takes the value of either productName or productid, depending on which is not null:

| eval productINFO=coalesce(productName,productid)

If both productName and productid fields have values for a given event, the coalesce function will return the value of the productName field because it appears first in the argument list. The productid field will be ignored by the coalesce function.

Therefore, the value for the productName field will be used to populate the productINFO field if both fields have values for a given event.

Search Command> Coalesce

USAGE OF SPLUNK EVAL FUNCTION : COALESCE

Answer : C

Answer : B

The macro definition below shows a macro that tracks user sessions based on two arguments: action and JSESSIONID.

sessiontracker(2)

The macro definition does the following:

It specifies the name of the macro as sessiontracker. This is the name that will be used to execute the macro in a search string.

It specifies the number of arguments for the macro as 2. This indicates that the macro takes two arguments when it is executed.

It specifies the code for the macro as index=main sourcetype=access_combined_wcookie action=$action$ JSESSIONID=$JSESSIONID$ | stats count by JSESSIONID. This is the search string that will be run when the macro is executed. The search string can contain any part of a search, such as search terms, commands, arguments, etc. The search string can also include variables for the arguments using dollar signs around them. In this case, action and JSESSIONID are variables for the arguments that will be replaced by their values when the macro is executed.

Therefore, to correctly configure the macro, you should enter sessiontracker as the name and action, JSESSIONID as the arguments. Alternatively, you can use sessiontracker(2) as the name and leave the arguments blank.

Answer : A

Arguments are defined within the macro search string by using dollar signs on either side of the argument name, such as arg1 or fragment.

Reference

Search macro examples

Define search macros in Settings

Use search macros in searches

Answer : D

The CIM Add-on manual contains the descriptions of the data models that come with the Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) Add-on, as well as how to set up, use, and customize the add-on.

Reference

CIM Add-on manual

Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) | Splunkbase

Understand and use the Common Information Model Add-on - Splunk

Answer : D

Event types allow users to assign labels to events based on predefined search strings. This helps categorize data and makes it easier to reference specific sets of events in future searches.

Splunk Docs - Event types

Answer : A

Field aliases in Splunk are alternate names assigned to fields. These can be particularly useful for normalizing data from different sources or simply for making field names more intuitive. Once an alias is created for a field, it can be used across various Splunk knowledge objects, enhancing their flexibility and utility.

A . Calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags: This is the correct answer. Field aliases can indeed be referenced in calculated fields, lookups, event types, and tags within Splunk. When you create an alias for a field, that alias can then be used in these knowledge objects just like any standard field name.

Calculated fields: These are expressions that can create new field values based on existing data. You can use an alias in a calculated field expression to refer to the original field.

Lookups: These are used to enrich your event data by referencing external data sources. If you've created an alias for a field that matches a field in your lookup table, you can use that alias in your lookup configurations.

Event types: These are classifications for events that meet certain search criteria. You can use field aliases in the search criteria for defining an event type.

Tags: These allow you to assign meaningful labels to data, making it easier to search and report on. You can use field aliases in the search criteria that you tag.

Answer : D

Answer : A

The fillnull command replaces null values with 0 by default, if the value argument is not specified. You can use the value argument to specify a different value to replace null values with, such as N/A or NULL.

Answer : B

There are several ways to access the field extractor. The option that automatically identifies data type, source type, and sample event is Fields sidebar > Extract New Field. The field extractor is a tool that helps you extract fields from your data using delimiters or regular expressions. The field extractor can generate a regex for you based on your selection of sample values or you can enter your own regex in the field extractor. The field extractor can be accessed by using various methods, such as:

Fields sidebar > Extract New Field: This is the easiest way to access the field extractor. The fields sidebar is a panel that shows all available fields for your data and their values. When you click on Extract New Field in the fields sidebar, Splunk will automatically identify the data type, source type, and sample event for your data based on your current search criteria. You can then use the field extractor to select sample values and generate a regex for your new field.

Event Actions > Extract Fields: This is another way to access the field extractor. Event actions are actions that you can perform on individual events in your search results, such as viewing event details, adding to report, adding to dashboard, etc. When you click on Extract Fields in the event actions menu, Splunk will use the current event as the sample event for your data and ask you to select the source type and data type for your data. You can then use the field extractor to select sample values and generate a regex for your new field.

Settings > Field Extractions > New Field Extraction: This is a more advanced way to access the field extractor. Settings is a menu that allows you to configure various aspects of Splunk, such as indexes, inputs, outputs, users, roles, apps, etc. When you click on New Field Extraction in the Settings menu, Splunk will ask you to enter all the details for your new field extraction manually, such as app context, name, source type, data type, sample event, regex, etc. You can then use the field extractor to verify or modify your regex for your new field.

Answer : C

In Splunk, a variable for a macro is defined by placing the variable name inside dollar signs, like this: $variable name$. This syntax allows the macro to dynamically replace the variable with the appropriate value when the macro is invoked within a search. Using this method ensures that the search strings can be dynamically adjusted based on the variable's value at runtime.

Splunk Docs: Use macros

Splunk Answers: Defining and Using Macros

Answer : D

The Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) is an app that contains a set of predefined data models that apply a common structure and naming convention to data from any source. The CIM enables you to use data from different sources in a consistent and coherent way. The CIM contains 28 pre-configured datasets that cover various domains such as authentication, network traffic, web, email, etc. The data models included in the CIM are configured with data model acceleration turned on by default, which means that they are optimized for faster searches and analysis. Data model acceleration creates and maintains summary data for the data models, which reduces the amount of raw data that needs to be scanned when you run a search using a data model.

: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 10. : Splunk Documentation, About the Splunk Common Information Model.

Answer : A

The data model command allows you to run searches on data models that have been accelerated1.The syntax for using the data model command is| datamodel <model_name> <dataset_name> [search <search_string>]1. Therefore, option A is the correct way to use the data model command to search fields in the data model within the web dataset. Options B and C are incorrect because they do not follow the syntax for the data model command. Option D is incorrect because it does not use the data model command at all.

Answer : D

GET workflow actions are custom actions that open a URL link when you click on a field value in your search results. GET workflow actions can be configured with various options, such as label name, base URL, URI parameters, app context, etc. One of the options is to choose whether to open the URL link in the current window or in a new window. GET workflow actions do not have to be configured with POST arguments, as they use GET method to send requests to web servers. Configuration of GET workflow actions does not include choosing a sourcetype, as they do not generate any data in Splunk. Label names for GET workflow actions must include a field name surrounded by dollar signs, as this indicates the field value that will be used to replace the variable in the URL link.

Answer : B, D

The Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) Add-on includes a variety of data models designed to normalize data from different sources to allow for cross-source reporting and analysis. Among the data models included, Alerts (Option B) and Email (Option D) are part of the CIM. The Alerts data model is used for data related to alerts and incidents, while the Email data model is used for data pertaining to email messages and transactions. User permissions (Option A) and Databases (Option C) are not data models included in the CIM; rather, they pertain to aspects of data access control and specific types of data sources, respectively, which are outside the scope of the CIM's predefined data models.

Answer : B

In Splunk, a data model's root dataset is the foundational element upon which the rest of the data model is built. The root dataset can be of various types, including search, transaction, or event-based datasets. One of the key features of the root dataset is that it automatically inherits the knowledge objects associated with its base search. These knowledge objects include field extractions, lookups, aliases, and calculated fields that are defined for the base search, ensuring that the root dataset has all necessary contextual information from the outset. This allows users to build upon this dataset with additional child datasets and objects without having to redefine the base search's knowledge objects.

Answer : A

Answer : D

The maxspan function of the transaction command allows you to set the maximum total time between the earliest and latest events returned. The maxspan function is an argument that can be used with the transaction command to specify the start and end constraints for the transactions. The maxspan function takes a time modifier as its value, such as 30s, 5m, 1h, etc. The maxspan function sets the maximum time span between the first and last events in a transaction. If the time span between the first and last events exceeds the maxspan value, the transaction will be split into multiple transactions.

Answer : B

The transaction and stats commands are two ways to group events from one or more data sources based on common fields or time ranges. The transaction command creates a single event out of a group of related events, while the stats command calculates summary statistics over a group of events. The eval and coalesce commands are used to create or combine fields, not to group events. The format command is used to format the results of a subsearch, not to group events.The top and rare commands are used to rank the most or least common values of a field, not to group events23

1: Splunk Core Certified Power User Track, page 9.2: Splunk Documentation, transaction command.3: Splunk Documentation, stats command.

Answer : B

The transaction command allows you to correlate events across multiple sources. The transaction command is a search command that allows you to group events into transactions based on some common characteristics, such as fields, time, or both. A transaction is a group of events that share one or more fields that relate them to each other. A transaction can span across multiple sources or sourcetypes that have different formats or structures of data. The transaction command can help you correlate events across multiple sources by using the common fields as the basis for grouping. The transaction command can also create some additional fields for each transaction, such as duration, eventcount, startime, etc.

Answer : B

Tags are a knowledge object that allow you to assign an alias to one or more field values . Tags are applied to events at search time and can be used as search terms or filters .

Tags can help you make your data more understandable by replacing cryptic or complex field values with meaningful names . For example, you can tag the value200in thestatusfield assuccess, or tag the value404asnot_found.